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Customer is King, but you can always
influence Kings and Queens
Influencing Behaviour
For Profit and Social Good
Professor Jeff French
Jeff.french@strategic-social-
marketing.org
Twitter:
Twitter.com/jefffrenchSSM or
@jefffrenchSSM
Linkedin:
http://uk.linkedin.com/pub/professor-
jeff-french/14/998/582
Academia.edu:
http://vpweb.academia.edu/JeffFrench
My thesis
• Influencing behaviour is a key
goal of all social interactions
• We should use science to
influence behaviour
• It’s not just about awareness.
Customers, clients and
citizens are Kings and Queens
to serve them we need to
understand them
Content
1. What influences our behaviour
2. Traditional ways of influencing behaviour
3. New understanding about influencing
behaviour
4. Examples of how to apply the science of
behavioural influence
Content: My problem
How to cover
thousands of
years of learning
and multiple
sources of
knowledge
Why have I got
30 minutes?
MY
7
What influences
behaviour?
Why do we behave as we do?
–Genetics
–Evolution
–Culture and history
–Physical environment
–Learning
–Economic and resource issues
–Specific contexts and stimulus
Learnt
adaptive
overlay
and
Genetic
evolutionary
foundation
Behaviour
Social and Economic
Wealth / Poverty
Inequality
Tradition / Culture / Religion
Social Cohesion
Social norms / Relationships
Environment
Built environment
Infrastructure
Geography
Geo events
Weather
Temperature
Air quality
Pollution
Biological
Disease
Infection
Somatic state
Nutrition
Age
Gender
Race
Animal / Plant
Interactions
Logic
Rapid
Cognition
Traditional ways of
influencing behaviour
Legislate
Monitoring
Police
Rules Requirements Enforcement
Regulate
Incentives Dis-incentivise,
The 5 Types of intervention
Inform
Educate
Support
Design
Control
Provide serviceAssist Care Support
Advice Advocate Nurture
Teach
Engage Inspire
Build skills (analytical & practical)
Critical consciousnessMotivate
Mobilise
Physical environment
ProductsTechnology
Systems, Policy, Service
de-CIDES influencing behaviour framework©
Communicate
Remind TriggerMake aware
Advise Highlight Signal
Treat Screen
Control
Control
Smarter avoidance in Greece!
Control
Can I read your mind?
I will spot your card and
remove it!
NO!
Inform
Knowledge
Attitudes
Behaviour
Is your card
missing?
When I show the deck put up your
hand if I have removed your card
People get distracted
and they forget
Inform
Inform
Inform and Engage
Norway: ‘Pant’ reward system
97% of plastic bottles in Norway are recycled.
The Pant model is based on a small surcharge being paid on every bottle bought. The surcharge, or deposit, is paid back
to consumers when bottles are returned via specialised machines located at most supermarkets.
The principle is that if drinks firms can get bottles to shops to sell their products, they can also collect those same bottles
Design
Educate
Public and Staff Education
Support
New understanding
about influencing
behaviour
KIKI BOOBA
Are we logical people
who make sensible
decisions?
NO
The neural tug of war
2 1
Our Preference and Bias
• We like
– People (Like us)
– The new and novel
– The easy life
– Things to be fair and to share
– Feedback and rewards
– The familiar
– To have our say and be involved
– Optimism
• We don’t like
– Loss
– Complexity
– Too many choices
– The new and challenging
– Punishment
All can be
used to
influence
behaviour
:
• Positive or only
minor penalties
• Avoidable
• Passive and easy
i.e. require little effort
• Low cost
to both the person and to the organisation utilizing them
4 Forms of intervention(French J SMJ Vol 1. No2 20111, P 154 -162)
Incentive
Reward
Disincentive
Penalty
Active
Decision
Conscious / Considered
Automatic / Unconscious
Passive
Decision
HUG
NUDGE
SMACK
SHOVE
NUDGE
HUG
SMACK
SHOVE
We also have new
insights about the
influence of:
1. Reflective thinking
Culture
2. Consciousness raising
Engagement
3. Procedural Justice
4. etc...
Put your hands up
generation LX
you are the ‘Charmed Generation’
Typically, people born between
1950 and 1970
You want it how
you want it
Citizens and Customers want
to be part of the solution
I do not believe you
I do not trust you
Listen to me
I am in control now
Help me solve the problems
Co-design
Co-delivery
Co-production
Co-appraisal
Co-development
Co-testing
Co-implementation
Co-review
Co-evaluation
Co-dissemination
Co- value creation
•Viral marketing
•Permission Marketing
•Relationship Marketing
Co-production
Evert Gummesson
The longer the relationships:
1. More profitable /
effective
2. More satisfying for
companies & customers
Building Relationships
Creating Social Value and Relationships
Examples of how to
apply the science of
behavioural influence
Status Quo Bias
EXPLICIT CONSENT
OPT IN
PRESUMED CONSENT
OPT OUT
Status quo bias
Decision Fatigue
Do not
confront
people with
too many or
complex
decisions as
they react with
inaction
Too much choice
reduces decision making so use
‘choice editing’
Social Norms
Social Norms
People who eat with one
other eat 35% more
A group of 4 eat about
75% more
Most people prefer
product X
Everyone is rushing to
buy ...
Social Proof / Social Norms
• Robert Cialdini hotel towel reuse experiment.
Two messages:
• Environmental benefit = 35%
• Most people re use = 44%
Gain and
Loss
Loss and Gain
People are very loss averse.
A bet:
I toss a coin, heads you win € X
Tails you lose €100
How much does €X have to be?
Longer term
BENEFITS
Turning Into
More immediate
BENEFITS
Short term
COSTS
Reducing
Temporal Discounting
Gain not Loss
Positioning:
The
Half
Sandwich
The Pain of Payment
Why do casinos use chips?
People paying with cash typically over
estimate their spend by 9%
Paying with contactless they
underestimated by 5%
Pre-paid gift cards are one step
removed from cash
Removing € sign boosts sales by 8%
$3.99 considered to be much
less than $4
Perceptions of value can be influenced
by the competitor comparisons
A £32,000 BMW compared to
a £24,000 Ford Mondeo
–33% of people think it
is good value.
When compared to a
£119,000 Bentley
47% think the BMW is
good value
So position as a luxury vehicle not a family vehicle
Expectancy and
Reciprocity
Expectancy Theory
Wansink’s 2006 brownie experiment
1. Presentation is key
2. Language triggers expectation e.g.:
Fresh local succulent beef out sells
Fresh beef.
3. Price can increase positive expectation
Value Attribution
• We imbue someone or
something with qualities or
values
• This alters the way we
perceive them or it
• We are also very reluctant
to change our mind
• Things and people often
live up to the label !
Joshua Bell
Random acts
of kindness
and
generosity
=
Relationship
building and
Affirmation
Reciprocity
The trait of obligation
• Reciprocity plays out
in most social
interactions
• Giving someone
something or paying
forward is a good way
to influence their
behaviour as it sets up
a sense of needing to
give something back
Moosh Boosh Primacy
After Dinner Mints Positive Ending
Trust & Liking
Trusted to tell
the truth?
Trust in others
members of the
community
Liking and Trust;
Pick the right face and voice
1. Open communication style
2. Things in common
3. Complements
4. Active listening
BRAND
A Brand is a Promise backed
by a product or service that
delivers that promise =
Trust + Reduced risk =
Liking and Loyalty
Powerful Brands
1. Build your promise on deep
understanding of what
people want, need respect
and trust
2. Don’t just give facts build a
narrative
3. Know how your Brand fits
with and enhances the
story of peoples lives
Brand Building is Key:
1. Add consumer perceived value
2. Help with choice making
3. Create difference and distinctiveness
Priming
Influencing decision of which wine to purchase
1999 North, Hargreaves and McKendrick
Offer a salad
Make an express line for
healthy products
Pay cash for desert not
accepted on cards
Move salad bar away
from wall
Use glass fruit
bowls not
stainless steel
Hide the ice cream.
Close the lid
Rename the food
Move the broccoli to
the start of the queue
Shrink the bowl
Coached, dressed, and positioned to
project Authority
Narrative and
Emotional
Engagement
All information goes
in through the heart
Fritz Heider
Humans need to
develop stories
about the world
they inhabit to
make sense of it
The Power of Narrative
We are story tellers not
mathematicians
A price cue not the
price is what
matters
A credible story
about the good
price is what
matters e.g.
We give you the
employees price
The story:
We are cool, we are international, we
provide a tailored service +
Low cost Big Impact
Summary
OK
How do we
develop
programmes
that use this
understanding?
Learn as much as you
can about behavioural
sciences
Behaviour
Social and Economic
Factors
Environment
al Factors
Biological
Factors
Logic
Rapid
Cognition
Inform
Educate
Support
Design
Control
Hug Nudge Shove Smack
© Strategic Social Marketing
Focus on
understanding the
people we are
trying to help
More investment
in insight,
behavioural and
programme
evaluation
We need creative flair and risk taking but…..
Experiment and track impact
A more respectful, democratic
and empowering way to work
Professor Jeff French
PhD, MBA, MSc, Dip HE, BA, Cert.Ed
Jeff.french@strategic-social-marketing.org
Many
Thanks

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Customer is King but...| Professor Jeff French | The Mindspark