optimum replacement of GGBS with cement in concrete

1. Prepared by:
Jagdish Ahaja (110320106038)
Shyam bhatt (110320106102)
Kunal rajput (110320106117)
Dashil kasvala (110320106011)
CIVIL Dept.
L. J. I. E. T.
QUALITY AND DURABILITY ENHANCEMENT OF
MODERN CONCRETE BY USE OF GGBS
Internal Guide:-
Asst. Prof. Pooja Patanwal

2. Abstract
 Today’s construction industry use of concrete is going on increasing rapidly. Cement is major
constituent material of the concrete which produced by natural raw material like lime and
silica. In this study experimental investigation on GGBS(ground Granulated Blast Furnace
Slag) has carried out which is byproduct of iron industry and also can be used as replacement
with ordinary Portland cement in concrete.
 Use of GGBS as cement replacement emerged simultaneously reduce cost of concrete and help
to reduce rate of cement consumption. Cement with GGBS replacement has emerged a major
alternative to conventional concrete and has rapidly drawn attention of concrete industry due to
its cement saving, energy saving, cost saving and environmental benefits.
 This research work focuses on strength characteristics analysis of M20, M25, M30, M35, M40,
M45, M50 grade concrete with replacement of cement by GGBS 30% and compare with plain
cement concrete. Casting of concrete cubes has been done and compressive strength test
carried out in laboratory. At different ages

3. WHAT IS GGBS?
• GGBS means the ground granulated blast furnace slag is a by-product of the
manufacturing of pig iron.
• Iron ore, coke and Lime-stone are fed into the furnace and the resulting
molten slag floats above the molten iron at a temperature of about 1500oC
to 1600oC. The molten slag has a composition close to the chemical
composition of Portland cement.
• After the molten iron is tapped off, the remaining molten slag, which consists
of mainly siliceous and aluminous residue is then water-quenched rapidly,
resulting in the formation of a glassy granulate.
• This glassy granulate is dried and ground to the required size, which is
known as ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS).

4. Aim & Objectives
 To obtain compressive strength results of various mix designs of concrete with normal
concrete and 30% replacement of GGBS with cement.
 To conduct property test on cement, fine aggregate and course aggregate.
 To conduct compressive strength test on 150mm x150mm x150mm concrete cubes.
 To conduct slump test.
 To Study the properties of concrete in which cement replaced with GGBS by conducting tests
as per BIS such as standard consistency test, initial and final setting time test.
• And to study the following long-term properties of Ground-granulated blast-furnace slag.

5. Novelty in project
• GGBS is byproduct of aluminium industry though application of GGBS will be important
factor to reduce overall cost of concrete.
• It encompasses enviromental,economic and social dimentions, the responsible management of
resources we use in construction and perticularly concrete production in india being the second
largest producer of cemet in the wrold. The future challange for construction industry in india
is clearly to meet the growing need for infrastructure development and housing while at the
same time limiting the impact of its burden in CO2 emission due to construction by drastic
improvement in the use of alternative material in construction and supplimentary cementing
material as partial replacement to OPC.
• By use of GGBS 80% of CO2 emission can be reduced. At the same time studies have revaled
use of GGBS in concrete partial replacement OPC have increased compressive strenth,
tensile strenth , durability and decrese the permiability, embodied enery and cost per cubic
meter.

6. Market Survey
 Application of GGBS in
construction
• Structural concrete
• Pre-stressed concrete
• For Sulphate Resistance
• Block making
• Soil stabilization
• Prevent Alkali Silica Reaction
• Resistance to Chloride attack
• Grout packs
• Ready mix concrete
• Foundations
• Post-tensioned concrete
• Mass concrete
• Site concrete manufacture
• Concrete roads
• Aggressive environment
• Cemented backfill
• General grouting

7. Project Features
1. Bleeding of concrete
2. Effect on setting time
3. Effect on hydration tempratute
4. Effect of strenth of hardened concrete
5. Reduction in emission of co2
6. Cost efficient
7. Sustainble and echofriendlly buillding material

8. Literature Review
Sr.
No.
Title Author Conclusion
1 Flexural behaviour
of reinforced
concrete beams
with partial
replacement of
GGBS
S.P.Sangeetha
and P.S
Joanna(2014)
American
journal of
engineering
Research
(AJER) e-
IS,Issue-01, pp-
119-127
1. The ultimate moment capacity
of GGBS was less than the
controlled beam when tested at
28 days, but it increases by 21%
at 56 days.
2. The deflections under the
service loads for the concrete
beams with 40% GGBS were
same as that of the controlled
beams at 28 days testing and it

9. 2 Geopolymer
concrete
Mr.Bennet
Jose Mathew,
Mr. M
Sudhakar
and Dr. C
Natarajan(20
13).
1.Curing at elevated and
ambient temperature will
form fly ash-GGBS based
concrete Of comparable
strength.
2.Bottom ash –GGBS
based geopolymer concrete
gives very low strength
probably Due to large
particle size.
3 To study the
partial
replacement of
cement by
GGBS & RHA
and natural
sand by quarry
Sonali K.
Gadpalliwar,
R. S. Deotale
and Abhijeet
R.
Narde(2013
1. Compressive strength
increases with increase of
percent of quarry sand upto
certain Limit.
2. Concrete acquires
maximum increase in
compressive strength at

10. Material collection
• Cement
ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade available in the local market was used and tasted for
physical and chemical properties.
• Fine aggregate
fine aggregate collected from local market which is available as natural river sand.
• Coarse aggregate
The crushed course aggregate of 20 mm and 10 mm maximum size obtained from local
crushing plant.
• GGBS(ground granulated blast furnace slag)
GGBS(ground granulated blast furnace slag) is collected from suyog elements india pvt ltd st
palej G.I.D.C. conforming to BS9966 used in the study.

11. Data Analysis
 Physical Properties
 Color: Off-white powder
 Bulk density (loose): 1.0–1.1 tones/m3
 Bulk density (vibrated): 1.2–1.3 tones/m3
 Relative density: 2.85–2.95
 Surface area: 400–600 m2/kg
 Chemical properties
• Cao 30-45%
 SiO2 17-38%
 Al2O3 15-25%
 Fe2O3 0.5-2.0%
 MgO 4.0-17.0%
 Mno2 1.0-5.0%
 Glass 85-98%

12. Methodology flow chart
objectives
Literature review
Grades of concrete (M20,
M25, M30, M35, M40, M45,
M50)
Property of testing material
Sieve analysis
100% OPC Proportion of mixes
Compressive strength test
30% GGBS, 70% OPC
conclusion

13. Test for this project
 Material testing
 Sampling
 Sieve analysis
 Specific gravity
 Strength testing
 Compressive strength test

17. Casting of concrete cubes
 Casting: The concrete is put in to the
moulds (cubes of 150×150 x 150)
which are already oiled and layer by
layer of three layer each layer
compacted with 25 blows using
tamping rod using any compacting
devises. With the same mix
proportions cubes were casted.

18. Compressive strength test result
Grade of
concrete
Compressive
strength after 3rd
day(Mpa)
Compressive
strength after
7th day
Compressive
strength after
28th day
M20(normal) 11.85 15.26 20.79
M20(30%
ggbs)
12.47 17.23 24.50
M25(normal) 13.82 20.31 27.35
M25 (30%
ggbs)
15.79 22.74 30.92
M30(normal) 15.45 23.38 32.64
M30(30%ggbs 16.67 25.44 35.45

19. Grade of
concrete
Compressive
strength after 3rd
day
Compressive
strength after
7th day
Compressive
strength after
28th day
M35(normal) 20.04 30.81 37.36
M35(30%
ggbs)
22.55 32.93 40.86
M40(normal) 20.79 30.79 42
M40 (30%
ggbs)
23.72 33.42 46.98
M45(normal) 26.27 37.27 47.26
M45(30%
ggbs)
29.47 40.87 52.31
M50(normal) 26.77 39.75 51.41

20. Conclusion
 Blast Furnace Slag concrete mix having various cement replacement level up to 30%
 Exhibited satisfactory results for compressive strength.
 The optimum use of slag in the concrete is observed to be 30% of cement. Slag concrete
with 30% cement replacement shows 19% higher compressive strength than OPC mortar
after 28 days curing.
 Use of high volume slag as a replacement of cement, in any construction work, provides
Lower impact on environment (reduced CO2 emission) and judicious use of
resources(energy conservation, use of by-product etc.)
 Use of slag reduces the amount of cement content as well as heat of hydration in a mortar
mix. Thus, the construction work with slag concrete becomes economical and also
environmentally safe.
 Slower Rate of hydration in case of slag cement concrete/mortar lower the risk of thermal
Cracking.

21. Future Scope
• GGBS can be an ideal choice in civil infrastructural applications
• Cement production is highly energy intensive
• Consumes significant amount of natural resources for the large-scale production in order to meet the global
infrastructure developments
• Future scopes of GGBS are positive due to benefits in Durability, Sustainability, Appearance and strength
obtain by partial replacement of GGBS with cement in concrete

22. Thank You