2. PART I- EGYPTIANS
Key buildings- temples, tombs, mastabas, row houses, palaces, and
pyramids.
Materials and construction techniques- sun-dried mud
bricks, stone/limestone, sandstone, and granite, massive structures with
thick mud brick/stone walls, trabeated construction (system of columns
and lintels).
Key motifs- Lotus and papyrus borders, spiral and rosette
patterns, fret, lotus
bud, chevron, checkerboard, ankh, vulture, deities, griffin.
3. EGYPTIANS
- (above) Chevron pattern on
- Hieroglyphics(found on wall panels
clothing
in my house)
- (below)Pyramids of Giza
4. PART II- GREEK AND ROMAN
Motifs- Greek: vine patterns, palmette
Key buildings- temples (based on
and
Mycenean megaron), houses (2-4
honeysuckle, anthemion, antefix, rinceau, lo
stories), market centers. tus and palmette, greek key or fret
Building materials and construction border, spiral wave, ram’s head and border.
techniques- City separated by: sacred Roman: arabesque, cupids, pegasus, skull
and swag, entablature, griffin and lion table
(stone, marble), private, and public
supports.
areas; plaster, mosaics, trabeated
Influences on subsequent cultures:
architectural system; doric, ionic, and
Classical designs were reintroduced in
corinthian, tuscan, and Roman
Western Europe during Renaissance, and
corinthian orders. later the Neoclassical period, also influences
in American Federal style
6. GREEK AND ROMAN
- (top) Pediment
- (top right) Volute capital
- (bottom right) Fret/key border
7. PART III- BYZANTINE
Key buildings- churches, cathedrals, religious buildings
Materials and techniques- mosaics, stone sculptures, real
gold tiles, dark interiors, domes, curved ceilings.
Key motifs- rosettes, diamond and oak leaf
carvings, religious figures, linen fold panels, crocket
border, trefoil and quatrefoil, windows with tracery.
8. BYZANTINE
- (left) Mosaic at St. Mark’s Basillica (Italy)
- (bottom left) Detailed columns with oak leaf
carvings at St. Mark’s
- (bottom right) Hagia Sophia in Istanbul (postcard)
9. PART IV- ROMANESQUE
Key buildings- cathedrals, palaces, market
squares, churches.
Materials/Construction techniques- stone and marble or
brick carvings, and ornamentation, with massive round
arches
Motifs- windows with tracery, rosettes, crocket
border, finials, linen-fold panel, carvings, trefoil, and
quatrefoil.
10. ROMANESQUE
- (far left)
Vaulted
structure
- (top left)
Roman
aquaduct, imp
ortant in
function. –
large arches.
- (bottom left)
Detailed
arches
, Leaning
Tower of Pisa
11. PART V- GOTHIC
Buildings- churches, cathedrals, large municipal buildings
throughout France, England, and Italy.
Materials and techniques- cross plan, flying
buttresees, tracery windows; stone, stained glass, heavy oak
funrniture.
Motifs- linenfold, crocket borders, window stone
tracery, quatrefoil, trefoil, religious symbols.
12. GOTHIC
- (top left) Quatrefoil
inspired wall design
- (bottom left) Rose
window at National
Cathedral in
Washington, DC
- (right) Gothic
architecture, Vault
13. RENAISSANCE
Country Key buildings Materials and construction Motifs Furniture
techniques introductions and
developements
Italy Villas Brick/stone or plastered Arabesque, Sgabello, sedia
walls with frescos, walnut gadroon, laurel (small
furniture leaf, festoon, upholstered
guilloche, chairs),
cartouche, rosette savonarola,
cassone, credenza
France Chateaux Heavy materials, stone, Lozenge, Fleur de Caquetoire,
bricks, walnut furniture lis, geometric armoire
panel.
England Country houses Homes had a long gallery/ (shared with Baluster turnings,
hallway, tall walls of other styles), used wainscot chair,
windows, oak paneling, many classical turnings, drop
pargework ceilings. motifs leaf tables
Spain Houses (casas) House designed around Wrought iron, Freilero, armario,
central patio with wrought geometrical vargueno,
iron grille work, Moorish patterns wrought iron
influence. bases
14. RENAISSANCE
- (top right) French motif- Fleur
de lis
- (top right) Biltmore Estate in
Ashville, NC, French
Renaissance
- (left) Broken pediment-
furniture form of Renaissance
15. BAROQUE
Country Key characteristics Key motifs Furniture Buildings
PART VII- BAROQUE introductions and
developments
Italy “decoration on top of Pedestal legs, The dome, St. Peter’s, Palaces,
decoration”, carvings, flemish scrolls, grand furniture homes,
mosaics, paintings, gold. ornate carvings pieces, classical cathedrals
of religious moldings
figures and
cupids
France Fabric on walls, used Square pedestal Canape, ormolu Palaces,
color of gold, Louis XIV leg, flemish “c” mounts, Lois XIV homes,
scroll and “s” chair. chateaux
scroll
England Turnings, large panels, n/a Veneering, exclusive Cathedrals,
Grinling Gibbons use of walnut, banquet
carvings, use of walnut, marquetry and laquer halls, homes,
Jacobean, William and work, “harmony of palaces.
Mary furniture”
16. BAROQUE
French Baroque Interior:
• Ornate interiors
• Dramatic use of texture through color (light and dark for contrast)
• Marble and checkerboard floor
• Plaster/stucco ornamentation
• Gold gilded on furniture, walls, ceilings
• “Decoration on top of decoration”
• Elaborate wall treatments, fabric
17. BAROQUE
- (bottom left) Versailles Hall of Mirrors
(French Baroque)
- (above) French Baroque piano, with
ormolu mounts
- (top left) End table with turnings (English
Baroque)
18. PART VIII- ROCOCO
Buildings- Houses, municipal buildings
Key characteristics of style- shell motif, influence of Madame
Pompadour (Louis XV), defined rooms, fabric wall panels and
mirrors, England regected Rococo and adopted Georgian style of
architecture
Motifs- scrolled foot, shell motif, cabriole leg, fan motif
“Design for women”
England- Chippendale (Chinese influence)(mahogany), Palladian
influence, Queen Anne (walnut, splat back)
19. ROCOCO
- (left) Queen Anne dining chair
- (bottom left) Fan motif (English rococo)
- (bottom right) French Louis XV inspired chair
20. PART IX- NEOCLASSIC
Buildings- Homes, mansions, state/capital and government buildings
Key characteristics- fabric walls, drapery, curved lined chairs, ceiling and floor reflected in
design, fan windows, pediments, dentil moldings, white woodwork, classical inspiration
Motifs- fan motif, pediments, dentil work, influences from Greece and Rome, rosette
block, lyre, cornucopia, medallion and square back, wheat, bellflower, paterae, prince of Wales
plume, urns
England- Regency, Hepplewhite (shield back), Sheraton (square back), Adam Brothers
USA- Federal Style (Georgian), American Empire
France- Louis XVI, Directoire, French Empire
Bringing back of classical elements in altered forms
Neoclassic interior- dark colors, wallpaper, painted motif walls, classical elements of
ancient Greece and Rome
21. NEOCLASSIC
- (right) Hepplewhite chair- English Neoclassic
- (bottom left) Hitchcock side table- American
Federal
- (bottom right) Petit Trianon at Versailles in France-
French Neoclassic
22. PART X- VICTORIAN
Buildings- homes and mansions
Characteristics- nostalgic reinterpretation, lots of sentimental and
historical ornamentaions, Substyles: Gothic Revival,Rococo
Revival, Eastlake style
Furniture and develpoments- Bentwood (steam bending of wood) and
Thonet, Belter, use of iron and plateglass (Eiffel Tower)
Interior- Rococo rinceau patterns, cabriole leg, asymmetrical
designs, love of fringe and knick-knacks, high ceilings, crown
moldings, ornate fireplaces.
23. VICTORIAN
- (left) Thonet, bentwood rocking chair
- (bottom left)Korner’s Folly in downtown
Kernersville, NC (Victorian style home)
- (below) Rosewood furniture typical of
Victorian era, inspired by Belter
24. PART XI- ARTS AND
CRAFTS
Buildings- homes and business buildings
Began in England, William Morris (Morris chair)
Characteristics- quality, use of local woods, simple, revolution
against machine age, “mission style”
Key furniture introductions and develpoments- Morris chair, oak
woods, furniture made with the quality first
Interior- cozy, warm colors, earth tones, simple local woods. High
quality
25. ARTS AND CRAFTS
- (left) William Morris (arts and crafts designer) wallpaper
- (bottom right) Gustav Stickley chair
- (bottom left) Bungalow style house
26. PART XII - ART NOUVEAU
Buildings- homes, business/office buildings
Characteristics- swirling lines, forms from nature, influences from:
nature, japanese prints, rococo, and islamic arts, “beauty and function”, “art
and industry”, newness, change of role for women in arts, stained glass, large
use of woods.
Furniture introductions and developments- Macintosh, Horta, Guimard
(designers)- chairs with unique wood/design, Tiffany-glass and
decorations, asymmetrical curvy designs
Interior- curvy asymmetrical furniture, stained glass windows, unique
woods, warm earth tone colors
27. ART NOUVEAU
- (left) Art Nouveau style doorway and window
- (middle) Wallpaper typical in Art Nouveau styled homes
- (right) Art Nouveau storage piece, curved lines, organic design.
28. PART XIII - PRAIRIE STYLE
Buildings- homes, mansions, office buildings, temples, churches
Characteristics- straight lines, simple designs, inspiration from
nature, emphasis on the horizontal, motifs derived from nature
Furniture introductions and developments- early chair and dining room
table, later chairs, midway garden chairs, use of plywood, glass, metal/steel
Interiors- light, airy, use of earthy colors, straight lines, use of many
woods, nature inspired
Frank Lloyd Wright- prominent designer of prairie style, designed
furniture and architecture
29. PRAIRIE STYLE
- (left) prairie
style light fixture
- (bottom left)
Origami chair by
Frank Lloyd
Wright
- (right) modern
interpretation of
a prairie style
home
- (bottom right)
Frank Lloyd
Wright home in
Oak Park
30. PART XIV- ART DECO
Buildings- home, businesses, hotels, and offices
Characteristics- sleek, geometric, cubistic, machine age, jazz influence, shapes of
the Bauhaus School and streamlined styling of modern technology combined with
patterns and icons taken from the Far East, ancient Greece and
Rome, Africa, India, and Mayan and Aztec cultures, came from excitement over
discoveries/finds in Egypt
Furniture introductions and developments- steel frames for structre, use of glass
and metal, leather, streamlined
Interiors- simple with pops of color, pastels (Miami, South Beach) bright
colors, metal , glass, straight lines, and simple designs
31. ART DECO
- (left) Art Deco inspired light- wall sconce
- (bottom left) Transat chair by Eileen Gray and Jean
Badovici
- (bottom right) Art deco hotel in South Beach Miami
32. PART XV- INTERNATIONAL
STYLE
Buildings- glass houses, skyscrapers, offices, business buildings
Characteristics- use of glass, steel, simple geometric forms
Furniture introductions and developments- use of steel and
glass, Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, molded fiberglass, and
plastic, stackable chairs
Interiors- glass window walls, steel, glass used in many different
elements, colors: white, simple designs
33. INTERNATIONAL STYLE
- (left) Bertoia chair at Father and Sons
(Downtown Raleigh)
- (bottom right)Weissenhof Museum
- (below) Alvar Aalto’s stacking stools
34. PART XVI - POSTMODERN
STYLE
Buildings- homes, hotels, businesses, office buildings
Characteristics- sculptural, hi-tech, emphasis on
ergonomics, classic materials (granite, hardwood floors)
Classics with a twist, “less is a bore”
Furniture introductions and developments- “inflatable
furniture”, non-conventional furniture forms, Robert Stern, Frank
Gehry, Michael Graves, Maya Lin (all designers)
Interiors- sectional sofas, entertainment centers, granite, hardwood
floors, unconventional seating/chairs
35. POSTMODERN STYLE
- (left) Frank Gehry “wiggle” chair
- (bottom left) Guggenheim museum in
Bilbao, designed by Frank Gehry
- (bottom right) Maya Lin inspired kids
furniture (by Knoll)