UCLAx Cradle to Cradle: class 12

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Class 12 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension

Cradle to Cradle
Closed Loop Systems

UCLA Extension V5018
March 25, 2010

Kevin Foster O’Donnell
fundamentalist @ threadcollaborative


Disassembly Projects


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DISASSEMLBY
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Paint

Ferrule

Wood

Graphite

Eraser
Ticonderoga #2 Pencil

03.18.2010


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PRIMARY COMPONENTS
Ticonderoga #2 Pencil

=
+

copper zinc
brass ferrule

+ =

latex extraction pumice
eraser

+ =

incense cedar trees graphite clay


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WHAT IT’S MADE OF

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Canada
copper,
zinc
Poland
Korea
copper
erasers
China
Paci c NW, CA graphite, zinc
wood, sawmill assembly
Mexico
assembly, zinc

Sri Lanka Malaysia
Peru castor oil rubber erasers
zinc
Zambia
copper
Chile Australia
copper zinc

Locations of Natural Resources, Fabrication 03.18.2010


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Marmoleum


Alkaline Battery

The card is made of several
components that are activated
by opening the card.

This is a celebration card
made to perform sounds
when activated by the
user. It is composed by
different materials
assembled in the same
manufacturer in China,
then shipped in the USA.

Where Batteries come from:

manufacturing


Coffee Maker


Bottle of Wine


Bottle of Wine

glass

label


Eyeglasses

Kimberley Westad Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems (V5018) Disassembly Project—Part One Professor Kevin O’Donnell 17 March 2010 pages 1-2

1 2 1
4 4
3 3

Four basic parts to an eyeglass frame: temples, frame, hinge component, and lenses.

1 2 3 4
temples frame hinge component lenses

The temples are also referred to as stems The frame is the part that rests on your The hinges connect the temples Four widely used materials to make lenses:
or ear-pieces, they are what keep the nose and holds the lenses in place. to the frames and work to close CR-39, which is a type of plastic, typically used
eyeglasses on your head. the temples when the eyeglasses for “light” prescriptions. High index plastic,
are not in use. They are composed which is used for people with poor vision, as
of two pieces secured by a common the lenses cosmetically look better because
eyeglass screw. they are thinner and lighter. Polycarbonate,
which is also thin and light, is often used for
children, safety glasses, and sports goggles
because of its impact resistance. Glass is used
in very limited instances for very specific lenses.

The preferred material is formed into a concave
or convex shape (known as spherical lenses)
depending if you are near-or-far sighted.
Concave lenses are thicker at the edges than
in the middle and correct nearsightedness.
Convex lenses are thicker in the middle than
at the edges and correct farsightedness.


Eyeglasses


I have chosen to disassemble a pair of eyeglasses I purchased from SEE (Selective Acetic anhydride, CH3-CO-O-CO-CH3, a derivative of acetic acid, the acid in vinegar,
Eyewear Elements) optical shop in the Beverly Center in May 2003. The frame style is the most commonly used anhydride reactant. This anhydride is important in the
is 1931, COL 786M (the exact color code for lilac and black). They were delivered to production of cellulose acetate by the esterification of cellulose or cotton. Cellulose
me with a high index, single vision 1.67 Seiko lens with an anti-glare coating. acetate was first prepared in 1865 and was used extensively during World War I to coat
airplane wings.
The Beverly Center is less than a mile from my house. As I concluded my research,
it became evident that this was the absolute shortest calculable distance in the The premier zyl supplier in the world is Mazzucchelli 1849 SpA, located in Castiglione
journey from the various factories to my face! Olona, in the provence of Varese in the Lombardy region of Italy, very close to the
Swiss border. According to Lauren Griffiths, SEE buyer, the zyl raw material for my
glasses came from Mazzucchelli and was sent to France for the actual manufacture of
1 & 2
the frame style 1931, COL 786M.
Temples and Frame
Made from zyl (zylonite / cellulose acetate). If you want the colors of the rainbow, then 3
zyl is the material of choice. Zyl is very popular, as it can produce frames that Hinge Component
feature layered colors, while still being very cost effective. The hinge and screw components are made from high quality steel. The best quality
hinges are made in Germany and most often used in frames that are manufactured
Cellulose acetate is prepared starting from natural in Europe.
and renewable sources such as cotton flakes and wood
pulp. An esterification process with acetic anhydride* To attach the temples to the frame, small slots are cut in the upper corners of the
and subsequent mixtures of plasticizers, additives and frame. Half of the metal hinge is put in each slot and the frame and partial hinges
pigments gives the finished product flexibility, resistance, are placed in a capitron machine. This machine induces ultrasonic vibrations in the
and a vibrant color. metal hinges and creates heat and friction. The friction causes the plastic of the
frame to melt around the hinge to bond it securely to the frame. This process is
*Chemical processes detailed: more secure than glue or other types of bonding.
Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants
(typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Ester bonds Before the temples are attached to the frames, they are imprinted with the style
are found in many polymers. number and size of the frame. Printing inks are made primarily with linseed oil


Eyeglasses


or a petroleum distillate as the solvent combined with organic sometimes have a hint of green or purple color, depending on the individual manufac-
pigments. The imprinting (what’s left of it anyway) on turer's formula. Each layer is scientifically calculated to block reflected light. The
my temples is white. White pigment typically comes from result is that you'll see a reduction in glare, annoying reflections and halos around
titanium dioxide. lights. This is a great safety benefit when you're driving at night. Michael Ferns, Lab
Manager at SEE explained the process they use, “Anti-reflective coatings are done with
For example, Huntsman Pigments specializes in the manufacture an advanced vacuum system— different types of crystals in the vacuum system create
of titanium dioxide (TiO2) pigments that add whiteness and opacity to thousands of a gas that adheres to the surface of the lens. Several layers of this coating are applied
consumer products. They are located in Billingham, England. While I could not trace on the front and back of the lens then it is sealed with a hydro phobic coating to pro-
the ink supplier directly, this is a best-guess European manufacturer. tect the layers from perspiration and oils of the skin.”

4 The specific lens in my glasses is a 1.67 UltraThin UV semi-finished single vision
Lenses aspheric lens manufactured by Pentax Vision, a division of Seiko Optical Products.
In the past, eyeglass lenses had always been made with glass. With the advent of high This particular lens comes from the manufacturer with the AR coating already
quality plastics in the last 20 years, glass lenses have been replaced almost completely embedded in the lens. The spec sheet from Pentax states, 1.67 UltraThin UV lenses
with plastic lenses. Glass lenses have a slightly better optical clarity than plastic lenses are manufactured in compliance with FDA Regulation 21 CFR 801.410. When surfaced to
and do not scratch as easily. However, glass lenses can shatter and cause serious eye a minimum center thickness of 1.5 mm and coated with a scratch-resistant coating, these
injury. Most optical stores do not sell glass lenses due to safety concerns. lenses comply with FDA requirements for impact resistance. Pentax cannot assure the
impact resistance of lenses after the application of non-Pentax coatings.
For moderate to strong prescriptions like mine, I require a high index plastic lens,
which is a thinner and lighter material. To correct my nearsightedness, my lenses are Michelle, a customer-service representative at the Hopkins, Minnesota manufacturing
a concave shape. High index lenses have more surface reflections, so for best optical facility for Seiko Optical Products of America, advised me that the Pentax lenses I have
performance, an anti-reflective (AR) coating should be applied to the lens. Anti- in my glasses were made at their plant in Tokyo, Japan.
reflective coating improves both your vision through your lenses and the appearance
of your glasses. AR coating increases the amount of visible light available to the eye, The lens blanks are shipped from Japan to the SEE manufacturing headquarters in
which improves the efficiency of vision. AR coatings are similar to the coatings found Southfield, Michigan for finishing to create my exactly-tailored prescription. During
on microscopes and camera lenses. They consist of several layers of metal oxides the blocking, polishing, and beveling process, a compound consisting of aluminum
applied to the front and back lens surfaces. Because of the layering effect, AR coatings oxide and water is used in a circular motion on the lenses to polish them. In an article


Eyeglasses


NOTE:
I AM AWARE THAT THE FLIGHT
6,422 F FROM TOKYO TO MICHIGAN
LYIN WOULD ACTUALLY HEAD EAST
G MI L
ES AND NOT WEST, BUT THERE
WAS NO WAY TO REPRESENT
see detail maps below THAT CLEARLY ON THIS MAP
BILLINGHAM, ENGLAND
HUNTSMAN PIGMENTS GERMANY
HINGE COMPONENTS
SOUTHFIELD, MICHGAN NEAR PARIS, FRANCE
SEE FACTORY 644 DRIVING MILES FRAME FACTORY CASTIGLIONE OLONA, ITALY
505 FLYING MILES MAZZUCCHELLI ZYL FACTORY
MILES HICKSVILLE, NEW YORK
ING S TOKYO, JAPAN
see detail map below FLY MILE UNIVERSAL PHOTONICS
SEIKO PENTAX LENS MANUFACTURING
1,9 83 RIVING
D
3
9
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 2,2
SEE OPTICAL SHOP + 3,9
WHERE I LIVE 41 F
LYING
MILES

BILLINGHAM, ENGLAND
HUNTSMAN PIGMENTS

531 DRIVING MILES
426 FLYING MILES GERMANY
HINGE COMPONENTS
SEE OPTICAL SHOP
LOCATED IN THE
BEVERLY CENTER APPROXIMATELY
NEAR PARIS, FRANCE 350-550 DRIVING MILES MAZZUCCHELLI ZYL FACTORY
FRAME FACTORY
300-450 FLYING MILES CASTIGLIONE OLONA, ITALY

.8 DRIVING MILES 529 DRIVING MILES
400 FLYING MILES CASTIGLIONE OLONA, ITALY
MAZZUCCHELLI ZYL FACTORY

WHERE I LIVE
WILLAMAN DRIVE
+ COLGATE AVENUE


!
questions?
!


transition template

industrial age
ecology energy society economy

green

greener

greenest

sustainable age


Waste Reduction

municipal
solid waste

industrial

special

hazardous


Waste Reduction
1 32


Waste Reduction


Toxin Elimination

Class 9.2 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension

Resource Conservation


Resource Conservation


Closed Loop

Raw Materials

Manufacturing

Packaging & Transport

Use & Maintenance

Recycle or Waste


Closed Loop

Raw Materials

Manufacturing

techno bio

Packaging & Transport

Use & Maintenance

Recycle or Waste


Energy Conservation


Energy Conservation

900 coal

750

600
Growth (billion kWh)

nuclear
450 natural gas
300

150
renewables
0

-150
oil
-300
79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 97 97 98 99 00 01 02 03


Energy Conservation

54% of American adults think electricity is produced
by a combination of solar, nuclear and hydropower.
(2006 Roper Report)

oil - 2%
hydro - 4% solar/wind - 1%

gas - 18% 75%
Fossil Fuels

coal - 55%

nuclear - 20%


Energy Conservation

of World Energy 24%

used by U.S.
Buildings
17%


Energy Conservation

100,000 Btu of Energy Pounds of CO2 Emitted

1 therm of natural gas 11.7

3/4 gallon of heating oil 16

29.3 kWh of electricity 39.3*

*At national average emission rate of 1.34 lbs. of CO2 per kWh


Embodied Energy


Embodied Energy

42g/mi.

156g/mi.

243g/mi.

480g/mi.


Community Engagement


Life Cycle Assessment

Input Output

Source Extraction Raw Materials Atmospheric Emissions

Raw Materials Manufacturing Waterborne Wastes

Fuel Packaging & Transport Solid Wastes

Energy Use & Maintenance Co-products

Recycle or Waste Other Releases


Toxin Elimination

VOC


Toxin Elimination

Lead
PCBs
5
Asbestos
DDT
CFCs
62,000
35,000


thank
you
!
questions?
!

UCLAx Cradle to Cradle: class 12

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