decision making and decision making tools

1. Decision Making
Presented by Jhon Carlo D. Guiyab, RN

2. Decision Making
• Is a choice made between to or more alternatives
• It is choosing the best alternative to reach the predetermined
objective
• A process of identifying and selecting a course of action to solve
specific problems

3. Decision Making Styles
1. Collective reasoning
• People with this style naturally gather a group of opinions before making any
decision.
2. Data driven
• Hard data, especially numbers, are the basis of these individual's decisions.
3. Gut reaction
• These decision-makers rely on feelings to make quick decisions. They don't
mind taking risks and move confidently forward through life.
4. List approach
• People with this approach only move forward after methodically considering
the pros and cons of any decision.

4. Decision Making Styles
5. Spiritually guided
• Staying close to God or spiritual beliefs and listening carefully for a clear voice
of direction is the process employed by these individuals. Prayer, solitude and
retreat are their key methods of deciding.
6. Story living
• These individuals make decisions based on the story they will get to tell
afterwards. They want to go to new places, try impossible things and tell the
world.
7. Passive undecided
• People with this mentality are happy to move forward with almost any
decision as long as they do not have to make it.

5. Barriers to Decision Making
1. Lack of information
-limited information
-limited time
2. Lack of context
-absence of values, no reference points
-required to examine own values and reconcile with seemingly conflicting
values
3. Too much information
-overwhelming information can drown our ability to asses situations reliably

6. Barriers to Decision Making
4. Lack of feedback and practice
-from supervisors, peers and subordinates
5. Cultural Barriers
-can lead to misunderstandings; may directly influence decision making
6. Physiological factors
7. Psychological factors
-Ego, emotions, patience, procrastination, biases
8. Unhelpful theories or use of wrong theory

7. Do’s and Don’ts in Decision Making
Do not be a:
1. Know it all
2. Blinders- delusions or not willing to accept reality
3. Hip shooter –based on unfounded assumptions and past experiences
Poor decision-makers often stick with long-ingrained decision-making
patterns even in the face of negative outcomes. They don’t force themselves
to make decisions outside of their comfort zone, gather the needed data, or
ask for (or accept) honest feedback. Knowing it all, wearing blinders, or
shooting from the hip often leads to bad decisions—or even catastrophic
results.

8. Do’s and Don’ts in Decision Making
Do the following
1. Frame the problem- properly understand the true problem that
needs to be solved.
type of decision must be made: routine (everyday), strategic (long term),
tactical (short term), and operational (process
try different ways of evaluating, analyzing, and framing the problem
2. Embrace ignorance- ignorance installs a curiosity that nurtures
creativity, innovation, and a willingness to gather data from
difference sources. Accepting one’s ignorance forces the decision-
maker to become a life-long learner.

9. Do’s and Don’ts in Decision Making
Do the following
3. Define the gap- Defining the gap that needs to be closed helps
clarify what kind of decision needs to be made.
4. Ask questions tough questions to yourself and others
5. Get feedback

10. Critical Elements of Decision Making
• Define objectives clearly
• If a decision lacks a clear objective or if an objective is not consistent with the
individual or organization's stated philosophy, a poor-quality decision is likely.
• Gather data carefully
• What is the setting?
• What is the problem?
• Where is it a problem?
• When is it a problem?
• Who is affected by the problem?
• What is happening?
• Why is it happening? What are the causes of the problem? Can the causes be
prioritized?
• What are the basic underlying issues? What are the areas of conflict?
• *Use evidence-based approach in gathering data

11. Critical Elements of Decision Making
• Generate many alternatives
• The greater the number of alternatives that can be generated, the greater the
chance that the final decision will be sound.
• Think logically
• Overgeneralizing
• Affirming the consequences
• Arguing from analogy
• Choose and act decisively
• Many individuals choose to delay acting because they lack the courage to face
the consequences of their choices.

12. Tools in Decision Making

13. Decision Making Grid
1. List all of your options as the row labels on the table, and list the factors
that you need to consider as the column headings.
2. Next, work your way down the columns of your table, scoring each
option for each of the factors in your decision. Note that you do not have
to have a different score for each option – if none of them are good for a
particular factor in your decision, then all options should score 0.
3. The next step is to work out the relative importance of the factors in your
decision.
4. Now multiply each of your scores from step 2 by the values for relative
importance of the factor that you calculated in step 3. This will give you
weighted scores for each option/factor combination.
5. Finally, add up these weighted scores for each of your options. The
option that scores the highest wins!

14. Example Decision Matrix Analysis Showing
Weighted Assessment of How Each Supplier
Satisfies Each Factor
actors: Cost Quality Location Reliability
Payment
Options
Total
Weights: 4 5 3 3 3
Supplier 1 1 0 0 1 3
Supplier 2 0 3 2 2 1
Supplier 3 2 2 1 3 0
Supplier 4 2 3 3 3 0

15. Program Evaluation and Review Techniques
(PERT)
• is a statistical tool, used in project management, which was designed
to analyze and represent the tasks involved in completing a given
project.

16. Decision Tree Model

17. Gantt Chart
• A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart, devised by Henry Gantt in the
1910s, that illustrates a project schedule. Gantt charts illustrate the
start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary
elements of a project.

19. Homework
• Use a decision matrix in deciding where your company can go for a team building
activity. Alternatives:
1. Lake Caliraya,
2. Gratchi’s Getaway, Tagaytay City
3. First Pacific Leadership Academy, Antipolo
4. Taal Vista Hotel, Tagaytay City
5. View Park Hotel, Tagaytay City
6. CCT Tagaytay
7. Club Punta Fuego, Nasugbu
8. Shercon Resort and Ecology Part
• You must include the features of each resort and the costs.
• Then create a decision matrix by using the information you learned about the 8
resorts mentioned.
• Justify your decision.

20. References
Fiadzigbey, Faakor. "Barriers To Effective Decision Making By Jenrap14".
Slideshare.net. N.p., 2017. Web. 30 May 2017.
Freifeld, L. (2013, October 21). The Do's and Don'ts of Decision-Making.
Retrieved May 29, 2017, from
https://trainingmag.com/content/do%E2%80%99s-and-
don%E2%80%99ts-decision-making
Jones, R. A. (2007). Nursing leadership and management: theories,
processes, and practice. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Co.