Vertical channel conflict occurs between members of the same distribution channel, such as a manufacturer and retailer. Horizontal channel conflict occurs between competitors at the same level of the distribution channel, such as between two retailers selling competing products. Channel conflict arises due to goal incompatibility, unclear roles and rights, differences in perceptions, and intermediaries' dependence on manufacturers. It can be managed through adopting superordinate goals, exchanging employees, co-optation, and using mediation, negotiation, or legal means.
18. Exclusive dealings often includes exclusive territorial agreements. Such practices increase dealer confidence & enthusiasm. Moreover it is perfectly legal. Some major brands adopt the policy of “Full-Line Forcing”. Although such tying agreements are not illegal, but somehow they lower the quality of the competition.
21. E-Purchasing E-Purchasing means companies decide to purchase goods, services, and information from various online suppliers. This in turn has saved millions of capital forthe companies. E-Marketing E-Marketing describes company efforts to inform buyers, communicate with them, promote & sell its products & services over the internet.
22. Pure-Click Companies Companies those have launched a web site without any previous existence as firm are called Pure-Click Companies. Example :- Google, ebay(B2C), Alibaba(B2B) Brick-and-Click Companies They are the existing companies that have added an online web site for information or e-commerce. Example:- Indiatimes(Bennett, Coleman & Co.) Futurebazaar(Future Group)
23. We can say that online shopping is Safe, Secure & its Fun
24. M-Commerce:- Mobile Commerce, also known as M-Commerce or mCommerce, is the ability to conduct commerce using a mobile device, such as a mobile phone, a PDA, a smartphone, or other emerging mobile equipment such as GPS, Satellite Radios, Vehicle Tracking Systems etc.
Last Point : So it depends upon the relationship between the supplier and the channel partner. Whether the supplier pull out the dead/surplus stock from the market or forces the channel partner to sell surplus market.
Conflicts between different levels within the same channel.Example : HUL came into a conflict with its distributors in Kerela on the issue of Commission
when multiple channels are employed and distribution intensity increases, three profit threats may confront a retailer: sales cannibalizationmargin dilutioncustomer diversion
Goal Incompatibility : When manufacturer and retailer have different set of goals to achieve.Unclear Roles & Rights : HP Example -> HP Sales force sales its PCs on credit but its licensed dealers may not do the same.Difference in Perception : For one person the glass is half filled, but for the other it is half empty.Intermediaries’ Dependence : Profit of intermediate dealers for example car dealers depends on the manufacturer’s product & pricing
Co-Optation : It is an effort by one organization to win the support of the leaders of the other organization by including them in advisory counsils.
eCommerce, or e-business consists of the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks.
Mobile Commerce is any transaction, involving the transfer of ownership or rights to use goods and services, which is initiated and/or completed by using mobile access to computer-mediated networks with the help of an electronic device