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Chapter 16: The Marketing Plan
1.
by Jeff Tanner
and Mary Anne Raymondby Jeff Tanner and Mary Anne Raymond Principles of Marketing
2.
Chapter 16Chapter 16 The
Marketing PlanThe Marketing Plan ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc.
3.
The marketing plan
should communicate: 1. Realistic expectations to top management. 2. Marketing-related responsibilities to those individuals who have marketing related responsibilities and how they should execute those responsibilities. ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 3
4.
Learning Objective 1. Identify
the people responsible for creating marketing plans in organizations. ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 4 Marketing Planning RolesMarketing Planning Roles
5.
Marketing Planning RolesMarketing
Planning Roles • Teams of marketing specialists are involved. • Many companies create marketing plans at the divisional level. • The chief marketing officer is responsible for preparing the plan. • Marketing professionals and other staff members work as teams to prepare the plan. • Marketing analysts are part of the CMO staff. ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 5
6.
Learning Objectives 1. Understand
the functions of the marketing plan. 2. How to write a marketing plan. ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 6 Functions of the Marketing PlanFunctions of the Marketing Plan
7.
A marketing plan
should: 1. Identify customers’ needs. 2. Evaluate whether the organization can meet those needs in some way that allows for profitable exchanges with customers to occur. 3. Develop a mission statement, strategy, and organization centered on those needs. a. Create offerings that are the result of meticulous market research. b. Form operations and supply chains that advance the successful delivery of those offerings. 4. Pursue advertising, promotional, and public relations campaigns that lead to continued successful exchanges between the company and its customers. 5. Engage in meaningful communications with customers. ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 7 Marketing PlansMarketing Plans
8.
Marketing Plan OutlineMarketing
Plan Outline • The Executive Summary—Summary should provide all of the information your company’s executives need to make a decision without reading the rest of the plan. – The summary should include a brief description of the market, the product to be offered, the strategy behind the plan, and the budget. • The Business Challenge – Brief rationale for why the company should invest. – How does marketing plan further the mission? ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 8
9.
• The market
section of the plan should describe customers, competitors, other collaborative organizations, and the state of the market. • Describe who will purchase the offering and why they will. • Discuss the existing market conditions that will benefit or challenge the plan. ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 9 The MarketThe Market
10.
CustomersCustomers • Break the
market into customer segments and describe each segment completely: – Who is the targeted market? – Why will the target buy the offerings? – What is their buying process? – Which of their needs does the offering meet? • Include in the discussion the market share and sales goals for each segment. ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 10
11.
• SWOT—Strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities and threats. – Strengths and weaknesses are internal to the company. – Opportunities and threats are external to the company. • Factors that make for a better SWOT analysis: – Honesty—A good SWOT analysis is honest. – Broad—The analysis has to capture trends. – Multiple terms—Consider multiple time frames. – Multiple perspectives—A good SWOT should consider the perspective and involve people from all areas of the firm. ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 11 Company AnalysisCompany Analysis
12.
• Actual or
potential partners needed for plan success. • Organizations in the value chain, either upstream or downstream. • Partners that are necessary to co-create value. ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 12 CollaboratorsCollaborators
13.
• Marketing plans
are likely to spark retaliation from one or more competitors. • Identify competitors and be honest about both their strengths and weaknesses. • Include in this section of the plan how quickly competitors will retaliate and what the nature of that retaliation will be. • Include a competitive analysis, financial statements, and all information publicly available about them. ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 13 CompetitorsCompetitors
14.
©2010 Flat World
Knowledge, Inc. 14 Business ClimateBusiness Climate
15.
The Strategy IncludesThe
Strategy Includes ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 15 Budget • covers all of the resources • covers the investment required • marketing funds needed • includes inventory costs • costs to provide customer support services • forecasts the product’s sales and profits • projections should include timelines
16.
In the conclusion: •
Repeat the highlights. • Summarize the target market. • Describe the product. • Discuss the communication plan. • Reasons why this plan is the best choice. ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 16 ConclusionConclusion
17.
• Executive summary
should include a brief summary of the market, the product to be offered, the strategy behind the plan, and the budget. • Market section of the plan should describe customers, competitors, collaborating organizations, and the climate of the market. • The strategy section details the tactics that the organization will use. • The budget section covers needed resources—such as new personnel, new equipment, new locations—and details the product’s costs and sales forecasts. ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 17 Key TakeawaysKey Takeaways
18.
Learning Objectives 1. List
steps in the forecasting process. 2. Identify types of forecasting methods, and their advantages and disadvantages. 3. Discuss the methods used to improve the accuracy of forecasts. ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 18 ForecastingForecasting
19.
Forecasting FactorsForecasting Factors •
Accuracy is important when it comes to forecasts because: – Under forecasting leads to lost sales and profits. – Over forecasting increases inventory costs. • Forecasting is a complex process. – Qualitative techniques – Quantitative techniques ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 19
20.
Judgment and Survey
Techniques • Judgment techniques—Include customer surveys, expert opinions and estimates by salespeople. Time Series Techniques • Trend analysis—Computer and statistical models that extrapolate previous periods results into the future. • Correlational analysis—Estimates sales based on the trends of other variables. ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 20 Forecasting MethodsForecasting Methods
21.
• Market test—An
experiment in launching a new offering in a limited market in order to gain real- world knowledge of how the market will react to the product. • Response models—Based on how customers have responded in the past to marketing strategies. • Add a percentage—Adding or reducing last year’s results based on intuition. ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 21 Other Forecasting MethodsOther Forecasting Methods
22.
• A forecast
is an educated guess, or estimate, of sales in the future. • Accuracy is important because so many other decisions a firm must make depend on the forecasts. • Many methods exist, including expert opinion, channel and customer surveys, sales force composites, time series data, and test markets. • Better forecasts can be obtained by using multiple methods. ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 22 Key TakeawaysKey Takeaways
23.
Learning Objectives 1. Apply
marketing planning processes to ongoing business settings. 2. Identify the role of the marketing audit. ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 23 Ongoing Marketing Planning andOngoing Marketing Planning and EvaluationEvaluation
24.
Ongoing Marketing Planning
andOngoing Marketing Planning and EvaluationEvaluation • Marketing plans are created frequently. • The key to a successful ongoing marketing strategy is twofold: – Causality—The relationship between two variables whereby one variable is a direct consequence of the other. – Control—The degree to which you can separate the effects of a variable on a consequence. ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 24
25.
• A snapshot
of the state of a company’s marketing strategies as they are actually implemented. • An examination of all of the company’s marketing activities. • It may include an auditor looking at actual product displays in a retail store to make sure the product is being displayed and priced properly. ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 25 The Marketing AuditThe Marketing Audit
26.
1. Key factors
that impacted the business for good or for bad during the past year. 2. Customer satisfaction scores and the number and type of customer complaints. 3. The satisfaction levels of distributors, retailers, and other value chain members. 4. The marketing knowledge, attitudes, and satisfaction of all executives involved in the marketing function. 5. The extent to which the marketing program was marketed internally and “bought into” by top managers and non-marketing executives. ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 26 Top 10 Factors a Marketing AuditTop 10 Factors a Marketing Audit Should AssessShould Assess
27.
Top 10 Factors
a Marketing AuditTop 10 Factors a Marketing Audit Should Assess cont’dShould Assess cont’d 6. Did the offering meet the customer’s needs as expected, and was the offering’s competitive advantage defensible? 7. The performance of the organization’s advertising, promotion, sales, marketing, and research programs with an emphasis on their return on the money invested in them. 8. Whether the marketing plan achieved its stated financial and non-financial goals. 9. Whether the individual elements’ marketing plans achieved their stated financial and non-financial goals. 10. The current value of the brand and customer equity for each brand in the product portfolio. ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 27
28.
• The key
to a successful ongoing marketing strategy is twofold: 1) understanding causality and 2) good marketing plan execution. • Drawing the wrong conclusions about causality, or what actually causes a change in a company’s sales performance, can lead to disastrous results. • Companies investigate the causes by gathering market feedback and conducting market research. • A marketing audit is an examination or snapshot of the state of a company’s marketing strategies as they are actually implemented. ©2010 Flat World Knowledge, Inc. 28 Key TakeawaysKey Takeaways
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