This paper will introduce a number of predefined elements for the topic mas data model. The paper will start with a short introduction of the level and possible context of these elements. Then the problem the elements proposed here are supposed to solve will be described. This will be the problem of adding temporal qualifications to a topic map. A set of criteria for the quality of a possible solution will be given and possible solutions will be evaluated against these criteria. This will lead to the final proposal for adding temporal qualification to a topic map.

1. Introduction
Create a Standard?
Goals
Solution
Temporal Qualification in Topic Maps
Lutz Maicher and Christoph Teichmann
Topic Maps Lab Leipzig
IMPRS Neurocom Leipzig
12. November 2009
Lutz Maicher and Christoph Teichmann Temporal Qualification in Topic Maps

2. Introduction
Create a Standard?
Goals
Solution
1 Introduction
Predefined Constructions
Temporal Qualification
2 Create a Standard?
3 Goals
4 Solution
Lutz Maicher and Christoph Teichmann Temporal Qualification in Topic Maps

3. Introduction
Create a Standard? Predefined Constructions
Goals Predefined Constructions
Solution
Predefined Constructions:
automatic construction of topic maps
reasoning with topic maps
faster design of topic maps
optimization of topic maps user interfaces
Example:
supertype-subtype Relation
Lutz Maicher and Christoph Teichmann Temporal Qualification in Topic Maps

4. Introduction
Create a Standard? Predefined Constructions
Goals Predefined Constructions
Solution
Defined by:
mapping from Data to constructions
predefined PSIs for the types
Lutz Maicher and Christoph Teichmann Temporal Qualification in Topic Maps

5. Introduction
Create a Standard? Predefined Constructions
Goals Predefined Constructions
Solution
Example Problem:
Temporal Qualifications
Lutz Maicher and Christoph Teichmann Temporal Qualification in Topic Maps

6. Introduction
Create a Standard? Predefined Constructions
Goals Predefined Constructions
Solution
What is included by this type of information:
all connections to the temporal domain
should include information about referents and topic map
constructs
also interesting: validity information
should cover all Topic Map constructs
Lutz Maicher and Christoph Teichmann Temporal Qualification in Topic Maps

7. Introduction
Create a Standard?
Goals
Solution
Why a standard for this problem is necessary:
Temporal Qualification is common
quite natural for reasoning and ordering
information can often be extracted automatically
Lutz Maicher and Christoph Teichmann Temporal Qualification in Topic Maps

8. Introduction
Create a Standard?
Goals
Solution
Why one standard for all Problems?
similar information is in similar ’places’
conceptual simplicity
easy to learn for Topic Map Designers
least assumptions about the Topic Map Data Model
Lutz Maicher and Christoph Teichmann Temporal Qualification in Topic Maps

9. Introduction
Create a Standard?
Goals
Solution
What should a good Standard do?
minimal with respect to new PSIs introduced
minimal with respect to constructions needed to create an
instance
Temporal Domain should be modeled with Topics
should be possible to add temporal information to any
construct
multiple temporal qualifications should be possible
information about temporal information should be possible
no extensions to the Topic Maps Data Model allowed
Lutz Maicher and Christoph Teichmann Temporal Qualification in Topic Maps

10. Introduction
Create a Standard?
Goals
Solution
Our Proposal:
create topics for temporal information
create associations of appropriate type to connect time to
topics
use reifier for all other constructs
Lutz Maicher and Christoph Teichmann Temporal Qualification in Topic Maps

11. Introduction
Create a Standard?
Goals
Solution
Example:
John;
http://www.foo.bar/John;
- "John Johnson";
AccountNumber:’1234567’ – Reifier: Reifier1.
lived(person:John,birth:01.02.1904,death:05.06.1977).
Reifier;
http://www.foo.bar/Reifier1.
collected_at(collected:Reifier,collection_time:08.09.1967).
Lutz Maicher and Christoph Teichmann Temporal Qualification in Topic Maps

12. Introduction
Create a Standard?
Goals
Solution
not the simplest approach with respect to locators or
constructions
meets all other criteria
types of information can be distinguished by supertype-subtype
relation
Lutz Maicher and Christoph Teichmann Temporal Qualification in Topic Maps

13. Introduction
Create a Standard?
Goals
Solution
1 The subtypes of the topic that has
pred/meta-temporal-qualification as its subject identifier
should be the types of those associations that represent
temporal meta information.
2 The subtypes of the topic that has
pred/domain-temporal-qualification as its subject identifier
should be the types of those associations that represent
domain related temporal information.
3 The subtypes of the topic that has
pred/validity-temporal-qualification as its subject identifier
should be the types of those associations that represent
temporal information about validity.
Lutz Maicher and Christoph Teichmann Temporal Qualification in Topic Maps

14. Introduction
Create a Standard?
Goals
Solution
1 roles of some subtype of the topic that has pred/Timed as its
subject identifier should be the roles of topics that represent
elements to which a temporal qualification should be added.
There is no restriction to the type of players for these roles.
2 roles of some subtype of the topic that has pred/Time as its
subject identifier should be the roles of topics that represent
the date which is used in a temporal qualification. These roles
should only be played by topics that represent temporal
information.
Lutz Maicher and Christoph Teichmann Temporal Qualification in Topic Maps

15. Introduction
Create a Standard?
Goals
Solution
discussed the idea of predefined constructions for Topic Maps
one example: temporal qualification
proposed solution: association with topics representing
temporal information and the use of reifier
Lutz Maicher and Christoph Teichmann Temporal Qualification in Topic Maps