1. Political Ideologies

2. Political Ideologies
 What does Political ideologies mean?
Set of ideas that constitute one’s goals, expectations,
and actions.
 Why is this important to know?
Because of poor work work conditions, Labor Unions
started to form and this would cause a demand for
political and governmental change.

3. Rise of Labor Unions
 Encouraged worker-organized
strikes to demand increased
wages and improved working
conditions
 Lobbied for laws to improve
the lives of workers, including
women and children
 Wanted workers’ rights and
collective bargaining between
labor and management

4. Early Labor Protests
 Collective Bargaining: Negotiating as a
group for higher wages or better working
conditions
 Strikes were used early on
 National Trades Union founded in
1834=first national labor union

5. As a result of Labor Unions
 Reform Laws
 British, U.S. laws passed to
stop worst abuses of
industrialization
 1842 Mines Act in Britain
stops women, children
working underground
 1847, workday for women,
children limited to 10 hours
in Britain
 U.S. end child labor, sets
maximum hours in 1904

6. Political Ideologies
 Different types of Political Ideologies
arose during the Industrial Revolution
○ Socialism
○ Nationalism
○ Utilitarianism
○ Liberalism

7. Socialism
 Marxist Theory: A transitional
social state between the
overthrow of capitalism and
the realization of communism
 Karl Marx is famous for writing
“Communist Manifesto”
 Marx believed the workers
(proletariat) needed to seize
political control from the upper
middle class factory owners
(bourgeoisie)
 Socialist political parties would
gain strength and popularity
throughout Europe in the late
19th and early 20th century

8. Nationalism
 Believe a nation is composed
of people who share a
common language and
cultural heritage
 Most powerful ideology of the
the 19th and 20th century
 Often combined with
Liberalism to achieve its
objectives
 Britain was experiencing this
ideology through workers
unions; workers came
together for the common good
and fight for reform

9. Liberalism
 Liberalism was a political
philosophy that felt people
should be free from
government interference
 Felt government should be
run by a constitution but NOT
in favor of universal male
suffrage (all men have a right
to vote regardless of property
rights)
 Only men of property should
have the right to vote
 Believed in the ideals of the
Enlightenment
 Middle class industrialists
were the primary supporters
of this view

10. Utilitarianism
 Idea that government should impose
some restrictions on business to
create equality.