1. Vessel Efficiency Competition
Military vessel efficiency
Royal Navy/ Royal Fleet Auxiliary Perspective
Philip Smith /Chris Broadbent / Andrew Tate
Defence Science & Technology Laboratory [dstl] - MOD
November / December 2012

2. Why are we involved in this call?
• 2.4% of UK Defence spending is on energy
& fuel (2010)
– £628M - Equipment energy (Move)
– £318M - Utility Energy (Fixed)
• If ‘business as usual’ maintained - worst
case projection for proportion of the budget
spent on fuel increases to:
– 2015: 3.9%
– 2020: 7.0%
• Hence; RN/RFA target to reduce fossil fuel use by 18% by 2020
At what point does this impact on the delivery of military objectives?
© Crown Copyright 2012 Dstl
26 November, 2012
UK UNCLASSIFIED
DSTL/CP64839
Published with the permission of the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory on behalf of the Controller of HMSO

3. Drivers for MOD to use less energy
• Cost – increase of 1p per litre of fuel
adds ~£13M to equipment energy bill
• Delivery to front line user – The
cost of fuel at point of use must
include transport costs, supply fleet,
personnel and protection
• Operational effectiveness –
decreasing fuel use impacts on
ability to deliver expeditionary
capability – reduce logistics ‘tail’
[deeper, further, quicker]
© Crown Copyright 2012 Dstl
26 November, 2012
UK UNCLASSIFIED
DSTL/CP64839
Published with the permission of the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory on behalf of the Controller of HMSO

4. Key RN/RFA efficiency issues
Maintain military capability despite sustainability pressures:
• Potential impacts to energy availability & operational access
• External pressures include:
– Open market fuel price
– HMG emission reduction commitments
– HMG’s desire to meet ever expanding
environmental regulations (e.g. IMO tier III)
– Maintaining interoperability (e.g. with US
Navy bio-fuels)
© Crown Copyright 2012 Dstl
26 November, 2012
UK UNCLASSIFIED
DSTL/CP64839
Published with the permission of the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory on behalf of the Controller of HMSO

5. Key RN/RFA efficiency issues
Efficiency improvements critical:
• RN targeted to reduce fossil fuel use by
18% by 2020
• RN/RFA specific challenges include:
– Introduction of larger platforms
– Extended use of energy intensive systems
– New operational areas – Arctic?
– Negative impact of some regulatory
compliance technologies on efficiency
MOD must be able to maintain operations against the backdrop of
external economic & geopolitical pressures
© Crown Copyright 2012 Dstl
26 November, 2012
UK UNCLASSIFIED
DSTL/CP64839
Published with the permission of the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory on behalf of the Controller of HMSO

6. Key RN/RFA exploitation issues
Fleet composition already ‘set’ out to ~ 2050:
• Classes in design & coming into service – Limited opportunity to exploit
whole ship solutions in near to mid term
• Looking for solutions capable of being integrated & exploited in current
& near future platforms – retrofits; bolt-on; etc
• Larger ships offer biggest gains – but benefits in UXV’s, boats & subs
Type 23 Type 45 Queen Elizabeth Class MHPC
Future subs
Type 26 & UXVs/Small boats
MARS
Designs fixed More flexibility
© Crown Copyright 2012 Dstl
26 November, 2012
UK UNCLASSIFIED
DSTL/CP64839
Published with the permission of the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory on behalf of the Controller of HMSO

7. RN/RFA efficiency challenges
Areas of focus
• Efficiency gains should result in no impact to military capability
• Thermal management
– More complex ships and modern weapons/sensors driving up ‘wild heat’
– Reducing heat losses; transferring heat more efficiently & utilising waste heat
– Thermal losses also impact areas such as signatures, crew effectiveness etc
• Minimising impact of emissions (& other) regulations
– I.e. negating the negative impacts on weight, volume & efficiency of devices
such as Selective Catalytic Reduction
• Management & control of on-board energy use
– Control software, sensors, advanced navigation & route planning tools etc.
– Tools & Advice – i.e. helping the crews to lower energy use
• Weight saving
• Drag reduction (‘Add-on’ hydrodynamics devices etc)
© Crown Copyright 2012 Dstl
26 November, 2012
UK UNCLASSIFIED
DSTL/CP64839
Published with the permission of the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory on behalf of the Controller of HMSO

8. MOD energy efficiency initiatives
Funding in maritime energy efficiency split & constrained:
• Fundamental research; Low TRL; conceptual; studies
– Centre for Defence Enterprise (CDE)
– MOD (DSTL) Maritime Resilience programme
A gap in transitioning technology from concept to exploitation?
This call is, therefore, a significant element of MOD funding in the area of
energy efficiency
• High TRL; adaption of COTs; Full-scale demo; exploitation
– DE&S - Marine systems development in PTG
– DE&S - Ship projects e.g. T-26 IMO Tier III compliance & sustainable build;
MARS energy efficiency assessment
• Green Ship Capability Planning Working Group (CPWG) – ‘glue’
between areas & industry
© Crown Copyright 2012 Dstl
26 November, 2012
UK UNCLASSIFIED
DSTL/CP64839
Published with the permission of the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory on behalf of the Controller of HMSO

9. RN/RFA is a military force
The vessels are built of derivatives from civil /
marine equipment - 99% of their time they will
operate like a civilian ship.
However; when needed they are expected to
operate in a hostile military environment, and
their crews lives depend on their survivability.

10. Key Messages
• RN/RFA is a military force - Improved vessel efficiency enables the
RN/RFA to maintain capabilities despite energy/cost challenges
• Key points - military energy efficiency improvements
– Targets 20% reduction in fossil fuels by 2020
– Costs 1p per Litre = £13M in MOD costs
– Exploitation Ideas must be exploitable in current platforms
– Interest Transitioning technologies, not studies
© Crown Copyright 2012 Dstl
26 November, 2012
UK UNCLASSIFIED
DSTL/CP64839
Published with the permission of the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory on behalf of the Controller of HMSO

11. Vessel Efficiency Competition
Military vessel efficiency
Royal Navy/ Royal Fleet Auxiliary Perspective
Thank you for your attention – We welcome
any further questions?
https://connect.innovate.org/web/vessel-efficiency