Motivation

MANAGEMENT
GROUP 1 | MOTIVATION

DEFINITION | TECHNIQUES
MOTIVATION

MOTIVATION
DEFINITION
CHARACTERISTIC
DRIVE
ENERGY
ACTIVATED STATE
that helps you achieve your goal.
that pushes you to work hard
that gives you the strength to get up and keep going - even
when things are not going your way
within a person -- that leads to -- goal directed behaviour

MOTIVATION
DEFINITION
• Any influence that triggers, directs or maintains behaviour
• Research is based upon different variables that affect motivation
Individual Differences
Organizational Contexts
Manager Behaviors

5
Financial
Reward
MOTIVATION
TECHNIQUES
Appreciation Job
Security
Promotion
Help on
Personal
Problems

DEFINITION |DIFFERENCES | LIST
CONTENT THEORIES &
PROCESS THEORIES
The study of motivation has created two major theoretical bodies of knowledge applicable to the design of employee or channel partner
motivation programs: Content Theories and Process Theories. These theories have many applications for incentive program planners.

7
Content Theories
Process Theories
explain why
people have
different needs at
different times
describe the processes
through which needs
are translated into
behaviour

CONTENT THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
MASLOW’S
NEED HEIRARCHY
Self-
Actualization
EsteemEsteem
BelongingnessBelongingness
SafetySafety
PhysiologicalPhysiological
Growth
RelatednessRelatedness
ExistenceExistence
Motivators
HygienesHygienes
Need for
Achievement
Need forNeed for
PowerPower
Need forNeed for
AffiliationAffiliation
ALDERFER’S
ERG THEORY
HERZBERG’S
THEORY
MCCLELLAND’S
LEARNED NEEDS

MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY
• Each individual has needs, or feelings of deficiency
that drive their behavior
• Once a need is satisficed, then it is no longer
motivating
• Needs are in a hierarchy that an individual moves up
as they satisfy levels of needs

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS OF CONTENT THEORIES
MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY
• People have different needs at different times
• Employers must offer employees a choice of
rewards
• But not rely too heavily on financial rewards
 Workers also have lower level needs

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MASLOW’S HIERARCHY
PYRAMID OF NEEDS
T
BELONGINGNESS
T
SAFETY
Self – Fulfilment
needs
Psychological
Needs
Basic Needs

13
MASLOW’S THEORY
OPPORTUNITIES FOR SATISFACTION

ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY
• ERG theory was developed by Clayton Alderfer. Alderfer proposed the ERG Theory to bring Maslow’s need
hierarchy theory of motivation in synchronization with empirical research.
• Alderfer advocated three need patterns of an individual as against five steps proposed by Maslow.
• Alderfer recommended that all the needs may be operative at any one time.
• If gratification of higher need is stifled, the desire to satisfy the lower level need may increase.
• Alderfer recategorized Maslow’s hierarchy of needs into three simpler and broader classes of needs, which
are ERG.

Existence
Relatedness
Growth
ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY
Desires for physiological and material well-being
Desires for satisfying interpersonal relationships.
Desires for continued psychological growth and
development

ERG MODEL OF MOTIVATION

DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION
OF ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY VS. ERG THEORY

DEFINITION |EXAMPLES
PROCESS THEORIES

20
PROCESS THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
DEFINITION | TYPES
Process theories of motivation …
How people make choices to work hard or not.
Choices are based on:
Individual preferences.
Types of process theories:
Reinforcement Theory
Expectancy
Equity

POSITIVE
REINFORCEMENTS
NEGATIVE
REINFORCEMENT
PUNISHMENT EXTINCTION &
DRAWBACKS
Decreases the frequency of a
behavior through the contingent
presentation of an unpleasant
consequence.
TYPES OF PROCESS THEORIES
REINFORCEMENT THEORY
Decreases the frequency of a
removal of an pleasant
consequence.
Increases the frequency of a
presentation of a pleasant
consequence
Increases the frequency of a
removal of an unpleasant
consequence.

EXPECTANCY THEORY
Developed by Victor Vroom.
Key expectancy theory variables:
- Expectancy — belief that working hard will
result in desired level of performance.
- Instrumentality — belief that successful
performance will be followed by rewards.
- Valence — value a person assigns to rewards

EQUITY THEORY

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1
2
Procedural Justice - fairness issues concerning
the methods, mechanisms, and processes used to
determine outcomes
3
1
23
JUSTICE THEORY
Distributive Justice - concerns the fairness of
outcomes, includes equity theory
Interactional Justice - concerns the way one is
treated informally during procedures and
distributions

2525
PROCESS THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
DEFINITION | TYPES
Process theories of motivation …
How people make choices to work hard or not.
Choices are based on:
Individual preferences.
Available rewards.
Possible work outcomes.
Types of process theories:
Reinforcement Theory , Expectancy,
Equity, Justice Theory

MECHANICS OF THE GAME
QUIZ BEE SPRINT
1. The coverage of the quiz bee includes all the discussed theories
2. All groups should participate in this activity.
3. A group shall decide a line – up for 10 questions (1 question / person)
- No student must answer twice, unless a group lacks a member/s.
- Not following instruction may lead to deduction of points ( - 5pts)
- There will be three (3) components in the competition namely: Easy (2pts each), Medium
(4pts each), Difficult (6pts each).
4. A member will run in front to answer the questions. The group will write their answers at the blank answer
sheet here in front which we provided.
5. Questions can be seen in the questionnaires. If a member is already in front, he/ she is not allowed to look
Tally
Sheet

MANAGEMENT
GROUP 1 | MOTIVATION
ARELLANO, ALYRRA ASHLEY
AWERAN, RUSSELL
BIALA, BRYLE JAMES
CANDELARIO, TRICIA VIOLETA
DAVID, SAMM ERYL
DELA CRUZ, ROMHEL
MARCELO, DAISY

Motivation

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