2- Suppose an encryption function is given by the following table- whe.docx

•Télécharger en tant que DOCX, PDF•

0 j'aime•2 vues

2. Suppose an encryption function is given by the following table, where the plaintext messages are {a, b, c, d} and cipher text messages are {1, 2, 3, 4} using keys {k1, k2, k3} . a. Compute the marginal probability of the cipher text messages. b. Compute the conditional probabilities Pr {Plain = p | Cipher = c} for all plaintexts p and cipher texts c. c. Compute the following quantities: H (P), H (K), H(C), H (K | C), and H (P | C) (20 points) Solution a) p(1)=3/12,p(2)=3/12,p(3)=4/12,p(4)=2/12 b) p(a|1)=0,p(a|2)=0,p(a|3)=2/3,p(a|4)=1/3 p(b|1)=1/3,p(b|2)=0,p(b|3)=1/3,p(b|4)=1/3 p(c|1)=1/3,p(c|2)=1/3,p(c|3)=1/3,p(c|4)=0 p(d|1)=1/3,p(d|2)=2/3,p(d|3)=0,p(d|4)=0 c) h(p)=ln(4) h(k)=ln(3) h(c)=ln(4) h(p|c)=(4/3)ln(2/27) h(k|c)=5/2(ln(1/2)) + 2*ln(1/6) .

Formation

Contenu connexe

Similaire à 2- Suppose an encryption function is given by the following table- whe.docx

Linear Cryptanalysis Lecture 線形解読法

Kai Katsumata

Implementation of Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm Using Variable T...

ijceronline

Implementation of Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm Using Variable T...

ijceronline

Year 13 challenge mathematics problems 107

Dennis Almeida

Class 9

Richa Varshneya

Revision1schema C programming

Kho ｺｰ｡ｲｴｰ｡ｲｴﾝ

Forward secure asynchronous messaging from puncturable encryption

National Chengchi University

AP PGECET Computer Science 2016 question paper

Eneutron

0606 m18 2_2_qp

Chiew Tiong

Kumegawa russia

Kazuki Kumegawa

On Triplet of Positive Integers Such That the Sum of Any Two of Them is a Per...

Quad eqn

Quad eqn

Quad eqn

In general dimension, there is no known total polynomial algorithm for either convex hull or vertex enumeration, i.e. an algorithm whose complexity depends polynomially on the input and output sizes. It is thus important to identify problems (and polytope representations) for which total polynomial-time algorithms can be obtained. We offer the first total polynomial-time algorithm for computing the edge-skeleton (including vertex enumeration) of a polytope given by an optimization or separation oracle, where we are also given a superset of its edge directions. We also offer a space-efficient variant of our algorithm by employing reverse search. All complexity bounds refer to the (oracle) Turing machine model. There is a number of polytope classes naturally defined by oracles; for some of them neither vertex nor facet representation is obvious. We consider two main applications, where we obtain (weakly) total polynomial-time algorithms: Signed Minkowski sums of convex polytopes, where polytopes can be subtracted provided the signed sum is a convex polytope, and computation of secondary, resultant, and discriminant polytopes. Further applications include convex combinatorial optimization and convex integer programming, where we offer a new approach, thus removing the complexity's exponential dependence in the dimension.

Volume and edge skeleton computation in high dimensions

Vissarion Fisikopoulos

cp467_12_lecture14_image compression1.pdf

shaikmoosa2003

Chap 3

Tanuj Patel

Information Theory and Coding - Lecture 4

Aref35

Similaire à 2- Suppose an encryption function is given by the following table- whe.docx (18)

Linear Cryptanalysis Lecture 線形解読法

Implementation of Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm Using Variable T...

Year 13 challenge mathematics problems 107

Class 9

Revision1schema C programming

Forward secure asynchronous messaging from puncturable encryption

AP PGECET Computer Science 2016 question paper

0606 m18 2_2_qp

Kumegawa russia

On Triplet of Positive Integers Such That the Sum of Any Two of Them is a Per...

Quad eqn

Volume and edge skeleton computation in high dimensions

cp467_12_lecture14_image compression1.pdf

Chap 3

Information Theory and Coding - Lecture 4

Plus de tristans3

In a symmetric multiprocessor configuration: AH processors can perform the same copy a program at the same time AH processors can perform the same types of functions Each processor has its own OS Each processor has its own set of I/O devises In SMP OS: Any processor may perform scheduling Only Master processor may perform scheduling Memory and process management must be done by different processors I/O management is a function of a special dedicated processor We can say that multiprocessor OS supports fault tolerance if: The operating system \'does not pay attention \" to the HW failure of a single processor The operating system controls only error signals from the external devices The operating system provides graceful degradation in the face of processor failure. The operating systems reacts only on error messages from the user programs HW-based cache coherence solutions used to recognize: The dynamic recognition at run time of potential inconsistency conditions HW errors in the cache Duplication of the data item in the cache The correct execution of the write operation in the cache What is wrong? The duster Is: A group of interconnected whole computers working together as a unified computing resource A group of separate computers used to solve one big task The alternative to SMP as an approach to providing high performance The alternative to SMP as an approach to providing high availability 20. If in multiprocessor system access time for a processor differs depending on which region of main memory is being accessed, we call memory access: Solution Answers: 15) 1 16) 1 17) 3 18) 1 19) 2 20) 4 .

In a symmetric multiprocessor configuration- AH processors can perform.docx

tristans3

In consumer behavior we discussed innovators, opinion leaders, and market mavens who may have an influence over our purchase decisions. There is a similar concept discussed for organizational buyer behavior. Describe the concept and how it relates to the CB concepts. Solution In consumer behavior we discussed innovators, opinion leaders, and market mavens who may have an influence over our purchase decisions. There is a similar concept discussed for organizational buyer behavior. Describe the concept and how it relates to the CB concepts. In consumer behavior, the main entities that can influence the purchase decision of a consumer are: 1) innovators are the one who are basically risk takers. The main attribute of them are the fact that they are able to absorb the financial cost as well as the social cost of adopting the unsuccessful products. They are the one who extensively use commercial media, cosmopolitan in their outlook, uses professional source for getting information, etc. 2) Market mavens are the individuals who provide wide amount of information about the different kinds of products and services. They basically foster information related to product quality, features, availability, price and sales. Extroverted, conscientious, and extensive use of media are some of the main characteristics of market mavens. 3) Opinion leaders are the one who basically provides information about a particular product or activities. They are having more status than that of their followers and are socially active (Hawkins, Mothersbaugh and Best, 2012). In contrast to innovators, opinion leaders and market mavens that may affect consumer purchase decision are buying center that affects the organizations .

In consumer behavior we discussed innovators- opinion leaders- and mar.docx

tristans3

In chapter 2, 5 objectives of memory management were discussed. In Chapter 7 the 5 requirements are discussed. How does each Chapter 2 objective match to a Chapter 7 requirement? Solution After studying chapter 7 learning objectives, you should be able to: Memory management is intended to satisfy the following requirements: Relocation : Programmers typically do not know in advance which other programs will be resident in main memory at the time of execution of their program. Protection: Processes need to acquire permission to reference memory locations for reading or writing purposes. Sharing: Advantageous to allow each process access to the same copy of the program rather than have their own separate copy. Logical organization: Physical organization: Memory available for a program plus its data may be insufficient and overlying allows various modules to be assigned the same region of memory but is time consuming to program. .

In chapter 2- 5 objectives of memory management were discussed- In Cha.docx

tristans3

In certain chlorophyll cofactors the Mg2+ is axially coordinated by the S-atom of a methionine. This is odd considering that Mg2+ is considered to be a â€œhard acidâ€ cation. Why would water molecules be a more natural choice for coordination to the Mg2+ than sulfur? What is it then about this protein and its structure that makes the Mg-S coordination happen? Solution Mg 2+ is the bound central metal ion in chlorophyll which is the major photosynthetic pigment.In chlorophyll Mg 2+ is chelated equatorially by tetrapyrrolic macrocycle.One of the two axial position is occupied mainly by histidine residue and other by O-donors,N-donors or S atom. According to Pearson classification Mg 2+belongs to hard ions and it\'s ionic radius is relatively small.It forms stable complexes with O- donors like H2O while less stable complexes with N donors or S atom.Since water is a polar molecule and is electron rich and also the distance between Mg 2+ and water is found to be 2.06 AÂ° which is smaller compared to the others. Also the water and Mg bond is electrostatic in nature.All this makes water and Mg 2+ coordination more stronger and preferred over S atom. S is also being an electron rich ..it can also form bond with Mg 2+. These has been explained on the basis of Density functional theory which gives the distance between Mg 2+ and Water and S atom. .

In certain chlorophyll cofactors the Mg2+ is axially coordinated by th.docx

tristans3

In c, Topic pointers Why do they call it dereferencing? As in dereferencing the pointer. Where does that name come from? In c, Topic pointers Why do they call it dereferencing? As in dereferencing the pointer. Where does that name come from? Topic pointers Why do they call it dereferencing? As in dereferencing the pointer. Where does that name come from? Solution a.) A pointer is a variable that consists the address in memory of another variable. The deference of a pointer gives the contents of an object pointed to by the pointer. b.) Through this we are accessing a variable indirectly. De- prefix mostly comes from the latin preposition meaning from. Dereferencing takes asway the reference and gives us what we are actually referring to. c.) The unary operator * is the dereferecing operator ,which helps in accessing the object the pointer points to. d.) Example: typedefÂ Â struct X{int i_; double d_;} X; XÂ Â Â x; X*Â Â p= &x; p->d_=3.15576;Â Â Â Â // dereferencing and accessing the data member x.d_ (*p).d_*=-1; .

In c- Topic pointers Why do they call it dereferencing- As in derefer.docx

tristans3

In C++ a function used to put data into a stack is typically called a what? Solution Push function used to put data into a stack A Stack is a data structure which works on the principle LIFO(Last In, First Out).The basic operations in a Stack are : 1. Push : In which we push the data into the stack. 2. Pop : In which we remove an element from the Stack. All insertions and removals are done only from one side of the Stack , which is called the \'top\' of the Stack. A stack is generally used in function calls where the local variables are pushed onto the Stack and when the function returns , it pops the variables from the Stack. // Push operation to insert an element on top of stack. void Push(int x) { if(top == MAX_SIZE -1) { // overflow case. cout<<\"Error: stack overflow\ \"; return; } A[++top] = x; } .

In C++ a function used to put data into a stack is typically called a.docx

tristans3

In C Programming create a program that converts a number from decimal to binary. You must use a stack to complete this assignment. â€¢ Void pop() â€¢ Void push(int data) â€¢ Int top() â€¢ Int isEmpty() You must create an implementation of a stack. You may use either an array or a linked list as the underlying structure. You will, at a minimum, need to implement the following stack functions: Your program should take decimal input from the user, and convert it to binary, and simply print it out. Solution normal program #include<stdio.h> int main(){ long int decimalNumber,remainder,quotient; int binaryNumber[100],i=1,j; printf(\"Enter any decimal number: \"); scanf(\"%ld\",&decimalNumber); quotient = decimalNumber; while(quotient!=0){ binaryNumber[i++]= quotient % 2; quotient = quotient / 2; } printf(\"Equivalent binary value of decimal number %d: \",decimalNumber); for(j = i -1 ;j> 0;j--) printf(\"%d\",binaryNumber[j]); return 0; } using stack .

In C Programming create a program that converts a number from decimal.docx

tristans3

In an alternative universe, all rules governing quantum numbers and the periodic table are exactly the same as our universe EXCEPT that m l = 0 --> l + 2 (due to font issues: zero to the letter L plus 2) Answer the following: What changes are made to the appearance of the periodic table (how have the s, p, d and f blocks changed and what does that do to the table)? What is the 2nd noble gas in the alternate universe? Solution Answer - M l = 0 to l+2 for n=1 ; l= n-1 = 0; M l =0 to l+2 = 0,1,2 Hence there is 3 subshell in s orbital which occupy 6 electron. in the same way; for n=2 l=2-1=1 M l = 0 to l+2 = 0,1,2,3 p-orbital occupy 8 electrons. n=3 l=2 M l = 0 to l+2 = 0.1.2.3.4 d have 10 electron. n=4 l=3 M l = 0 to l+2 = 0,1,2,3,4,5 f occupy 12 electron Second noble gas = 6(1s) +6(2s) +8(2p) =20th element is second noble gas = which is calcium, Ca .

In an alternative universe- all rules governing quantum numbers and th.docx

tristans3

In a nonpolar covalent bond... Electrons are shared unevenly Electrons are closest to the least electronegatative atom Electrons are hypervalent Electrons are donated from one atom to the other Electrons are shared evenly In a nonpolar covalent bond... Electrons are shared unevenly Electrons are closest to the least electronegatative atom Electrons are hypervalent Electrons are donated from one atom to the other Electrons are shared evenly Electrons are shared unevenly Electrons are closest to the least electronegatative atom Electrons are hypervalent Electrons are donated from one atom to the other Electrons are shared evenly Solution Ans . As a covalent bond is formed with the sharing of the electrons between atoms and not with the donation of electrons from one atom to another . Also , a polar covalent bond has uneven or unequal sharing of electrons due to difference in polarity while a non-polar covalent bond has even or equal sharing of electrons between atoms as there is no difference in polarity . Therefore , in a non-polar covalent bond electrons are shared evenly . .

In a nonpolar covalent bond--- Electrons are shared unevenly Electrons.docx

tristans3

Solution true Keynesian economics (/?ke?nzi?n/ kayn -zee-?n ; or Keynesianism ) is the view that in the short run, especially during recessions, economic output is strongly influenced by aggregate demand (total spending in the economy). In the Keynesian view, aggregate demand does not necessarily equal theproductive capacity of the economy; instead, it is influenced by a host of factors and sometimes behaves erratically, affecting production, employment, and inflation. [1] The theories forming the basis of Keynesian economics were first presented by the British economist John Maynard Keynes in his book, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money , published in 1936, during theGreat Depression. Keynes contrasted his approach to the aggregate supply-focused \'classical\' economics that preceded his book. The interpretations of Keynes that followed are contentious and several schools of economic thoughtclaim his legacy. Keynesian economists often argue that private sector decisions sometimes lead to inefficient macroeconomic outcomes which require active policy responses by the public sector, in particular, monetary policy actions by thecentral bank and fiscal policy actions by the government, in order to stabilize output over the business cycle. [2] Keynesian economics advocates a mixed economy .

In a Classical model of the macroeconomy- the equilibrating mechanism.docx

tristans3

In 2012, Shurtleff estimates that warranty costs in the following year will be $25,000. Actual warranty costs in 2013 are only $20,000. What is the effect on the accounting equation when recording estimated warranty costs in 2012? A) Assets decrease B) Stockholdersâ€™ equity increases C) Assets increase D) Stockholdersâ€™ equity decreases E) Liabilities decrease Solution D) Stockholdersâ€™ equity decreases Estimated Warranty cost is recorded as an expense for future warranty work, So it reduces Income, which ultimately decreases Stockholder\'s Equity. .

In 2012- Shurtleff estimates that warranty costs in the following year.docx

tristans3

In 2000, June, A 75-year-old widow, creates an irrevocable trust naming her five adult grandchildren as the beneficiaries. The assets transferred in trust consist of marketable securities (worth $800,000) and June\'s personal residence (worth $400,000). Bob, June\'s younger brother and a practicing attorney, is designated as the trustee. Other provisions of the trust are as follows: Bob is given the discretion to distribute the income to the beneficiaries based on their need or add it to corpus. He is also given the power to change trust investments and to terminate the trust. The trust is to last for June\'s lifetime or, if sooner, until termination by Bob. Upon termination of the trust, the principal and any accumulated income are to be distributed to the beneficiaries (June\'s grandchildren). For 2000, June files a form 709 to report the transfer in trust and pays a gift tax based on value of $1.2 million ($800,000 + $400,000). After the transfer in trust and up to the time of her death, June continues to occupy the residence. Although she pays no rent, she maintains the property and pays the yearly property taxes. June never discussed the matter of her continued occupancy of the residence with either Bob or the beneficiaries of the trust. Upon June\'s death in 2008, the value of the trust is $2.3 million, broken down as follows: marketable securities and cash ($1.6 million) and residence ($700,000). Shortly thereafter, Bob sells the residence, liquidates the trust, and distributes the proceeds to the beneficiaries. What are the estate taxes consequences of these transaction to June? Solution Since she pays her property taxes, there are no tax consequences on June. However on selling the house, her children will have to pay tax on capital gains from the increase n the value of the house. To avoid this tax, they will have to live in the same house for two years. .

In 2000- June- A 75-year-old widow- creates an irrevocable trust namin.docx

tristans3

In 2007, Heuy\'s actual income was $70,000, equal to his lifetime annual average; Dewey\'s actual income was $50,000, $10,000 below his lifetime annual average; and Louie Solution H ello Pal, F irst of all a very nice as well as intersting question from your side. S o now straight to the question, as asked above with all the information available from your side and from mine, the answer is as under: A fter calculation of the above given information, we can conclude that the answer will be as under: Huey: 6.50% Dewey: 5.24% Louie: 7.28% T hat is all I can say from the above given information by you, hope have solved your problem to some extent. R egards. .

In 2007- Heuy-'s actual income was $70-000- equal to his lifetime annu.docx

tristans3

Impulse and momentum are two two different parameters. Explain these parameters from Newton\'s law of motion. Solution Impulse:impulse is dealing with the force.What it means is impulse is nothing but force that is applied on a object to against its motion for a given time. J=Force* time Momentum:which is a quantity deals with the object resistance to stop.Indirectly,object with greater momentum very hard to stop. p=mv consider the Newton\'s second law that is F=m*a F=m*(v/t) F*t=m*v Here F*t nothing but impulse m*v=momentum. what it means is force that is acting on a given object for particular time changes the objects momentum. .

Impulse and momentum are two two different parameters- Explain these p.docx

tristans3

Implementation of EHR Discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with implementing and using a regional and national EHR. Solution Advantages Providing better, updated and accurate information about patient on regional and national level It enables the quick access to patient record for better coordination and better care It securely shares the electronic information of patients with clinics Improve interaction and communication as well asa health care Enables the safe and more reilable prescribtion Disadvantages Privacy is a concern when we record the data electronically, using the HER put organization at the risk if we donâ€™t follow the privacy protocols Identify theft can occur when unauthorized people gain advantage of access over the record. Data loss and data redundancy are also the major disadvantages assocaited with HER softwares. When we use HER we must put into place a backup plan of the data Even if your local servers suffer a catastrophic crash, you will still be able to reconstruct your patient information through the backup in the cloud. .

Implementation of EHR Discuss the advantages and disadvantages associa.docx

tristans3

Implementing a new AIS system could prove to be beneficial or detrimental to an organizationâ€™s IT infrastructure. Assess the risks associated with integrating a new AIS system and suggest what management can do to minimize those risks. Solution Answer From following the agents likely cause security related problems to the AIS. From Employees From Consultants From Suppliers From competitors From IT mercenaries From Espionage experts From the above agents, AIS system facing risks. In most of cases the following types of attacks like computer viruses, backdoors, password crackers, scanners and social engineering attacks. Threats affecting the infrastructure of the AIS represent actions, possible or taken ,they might attack the system. Here 2 types of threats like internal and external. Management taken some preventions, that Can be Those can be avoided by using Risk Management can be defind as the body of methods aiming at identifying, checking , removing events that may effect the resource of the system. The body contains risk analysis, cost analysis,selection of mechanism, as well as overall assessment of the security. These risk analysis like following angles like quantitive analysis, quality analysis, workstation analysis. There are 2 ways of avoid the situation of risk, covering threats thats are mostly likely to occur, while preserving the initial checking methods, reducing the costs as to checking measures. Generally provides the Security Service management Supplier, they provide both security services and management thereof. Security management service will be conducted by Service Supplier. .

Implementing a new AIS system could prove to be beneficial or detrimen.docx

tristans3

Im creating a stack class using generics. what should my peek method look like ? I\'m just using a simple peek method, here\'s what i have thus far public class stack<T> { private ArrayList<T> stack = new ArrayList<T> (); private int top = 0; public int size () { return top; } public void push (T item) { stack.add (top++, item); } public T pop () { return stack.remove (--top); } public T peek() { } public Boolean isEmpty() { if (top == -1) return true; else return false; } } Solution Hi, I have updated peek() methd. Highlighted code changes. public class stack<T> { private ArrayList<T> stack = new ArrayList<T> (); private int top = 0; public int size () { return top; } public void push (T item) { stack.add (top++, item); } public T pop () { return stack.remove (--top); } public T peek() { if (isEmpty()) { throw new EmptyStackException(); } return stack.get(top); } public Boolean isEmpty() { if (top == -1) return true; else return false; } } .

Im creating a stack class using generics- what should my peek method l.docx

tristans3

ii)State whether you would expect the following Group 13 metal cations to act as Lewis acids or bases. Order the cations in terms of softest to hardest. Explain your answer. Al3+, Tl3+, Ga3+, Tl+ (iii) State whether you would expect the following Group 15 hydrides to act as Lewis acids or bases. Order the hydrides in terms of softest to hardest. Explain your answer. PH3, NH3, AsH3 Solution ii) The given group 13 metal cations will act as a Lewis acids , because cations are are electron deficient and act as a electron acceptor. Hard Acids are Lewis acid which are small in size and most likely are the light metal cation with high positive oxidation state like Al 3+ Soft Acids are Lewis acid which are larger in size and most likely are the heavy metal cation associated with low oxidation state like Tl 3+ Tl + Oder of cation from softest to hardest Â Â Tl + < Tl 3+ < Al 3+ (iii) The given Group 15 hydrides will acts as Lewis Base, because Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Arsenic has a lone pair of electron that it can donate. Hard Base are Lewis base anions or neutral molecules which are not easily polarizable like NH 3 Soft Base are Lewis base anions or neutral molecules which are easily polarizable like PH 3 and AsH 3 Order the hydrides in terms of softest to hardest AsH 3 < PH 3 <NH 3 .

ii)State whether you would expect the following Group 13 metal cations.docx

tristans3

IMF in Greece. Good or bad for the country? Why? Solution IMF is international monetary fund.It was established with the motive of promoting international monetary cooperation.It is good because: 1. It helps in abolishing the exchange restrictions among member nations. 2. It helps in maintaining balanced economic development of the member nations by poviding them monetary help. 3. It helps the member countries in making investment in profitable projects. 4. It offers monetary help to member countries in correcting the disequilibrium of balance of payment. IMF is bad because: 1. it is a club of rich countries only. it discriminate between rich and poor memebers. 2. it do not provides loan for developmental projects. it only gives loans for maintaining the favourable balance of payment. 3. it interferes in the domestic economies of member countries. while providing loan to member counties IMF put many restrictions. 4. IMF tried to maintain stability in price of gold but failed in achieving this aim. .

IMF in Greece- Good or bad for the country- Why-SolutionIMF is interna.docx

tristans3

2. What is a colloid? Why is it difficult to filter a colloid? 3. What is coagulation? What is peptization? 4. Why is the solution of AgNOs added slowly? 5. Why must a large excess of AgNOs be avoided? 6. Why must the silver chloride be protected from the light? 7. For simplicity assume that your unknown chloride is NaCl. Calculate how many mL of the 5% AgNO3 solution must be added to 0.4020 g of the NaCl sample to precipitate all the chloride. Note: 5% means that there are 5 grams of silver nitrate per 100 mL of solution. Solution 2) Colloid : Colloid is a dispersion of small tiny particles in a liquid.. In collods the tiny particles remain suspended in the solvent. rather than settling at the bottom. It is difficult to filter collodal solution because these tiny particles pass through the filter paper. 3) Coagulation : means the aggrigation of oppositely charged particles which settle down under the gravity. Peptization : It is a phenomenon of the formation of a colloidal dispersion from precipitation. 4)Addition of the AgNO3 be done slowly because the addition tends to yield large particles which makes filtration more efficiently .It also helps limit coprecipitation. 5)To avoid coprecipatation the excess of AgNO3 be avoided. 6)Silver chloride must be protected from light as it is unstable. Exposure to light it becomes greyish yellow . Hence, to avoid decompostion, it must be protected from light. .

2- What is a colloid- Why is it difficult to filter a colloid- 3- What.docx

tristans3

Plus de tristans3 (20)