PEDV-Warning Shot for National Biosecurity and Foreign Animal Disease Preparedness and Response - Dr. Tim Snider, Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, from the 2013 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 14-17, 2013, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2013-leman-swine-conference-material

1. Leman Hot Topics Session 2013
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus
Warning Shot for national biosecurity
and foreign animal disease
preparedness and response
Allen D Leman Swine Conference – 2013
Dr Timothy Snider – University of Minnesota

2. Raise awareness of Foreign Animal Disease
Preparedness and Response programs
Utilize our PEDV experience as a springboard to
encourage producers and veterinarians to
capitalize on industry and regulatory
development to prepare for future challenges

3. Private swine veterinary practice
1992-1998: Sheridan & Heuser Swine Health
Heartland Swine Health
2007-2011: Snider Veterinary Services
Corporate swine veterinary practice
1998 – 2001: Cotswold Canada & USA
2001 – 2007: Maple Leaf Foods (Eastern Mb
& Ontario)
2011 – Present: TOPIGS USA
Academia – Veterinary Population Medicine
July 2013 – Present: Instructor at University
of Minnesota

4. University of Minnesota – July 2011 to July 2013
Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine
Residency
Multiple Projects including:
Facilitating Public Private Partnerships – USDA
“FAD PReP” Proactive Risk Assessments:
Broilers, Turkeys & Swine Sectors
Masters of Public Health – Executive Program
25% of full time commitment
Coursework, Masters Project, Field Experience

6. Original Movement Control
and Stamp Out only approach
now includes ‘Continuity of
Business’

7. USDA FAD Response Goals
1. Detect, control, and contain disease asap
2. Eradicate disease using strategies that seek to
stabilize animal agriculture, food supply, economy,
and protect public health
3. Provide science- and risk-based approaches and
systems to facilitate continuity of business for noninfected animals and non-contaminated animal
products

9. Minimize the risk of moving infected but undetected animals or animal products

11. 1998 - Presidential Decision Directive 63
2001 – Executive Order 13228
Bioterrorism Act of 2002
2002 Farm Bill
2003 - Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5
2003 - Homeland Security Presidential Directive 7
2004 - Homeland Security Presidential Directive 9

12. US Policy Review
Key Points for Animal Agriculture
Agriculture and food supply = Critical
Infrastructure
Vulnerable to disease, pest, or poisonous agents
Natural, Unintentional, OR Intentional introduction
Increased funding for USDA partnerships with
higher education
Improve research/analysis of agro-terrorism issues

13. US Policy Review
Key Points for Animal Agriculture
USDA mandate to improve emergency response
National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN)
National Animal Health Emergency Management
System (NAHEMS)
Office of Emergency Management and Homeland
Security (OEMHS)
National Response Management Team (NRMT)

14. US Policy Review
Key Points for Animal Agriculture
Homeland Security - Centers of Excellence
National Center for Food Protection and Defense
(NCFPD - UMN)
National Center for Foreign Animal And Zoonotic
Disease (FAZD - Texas A&M)
Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic
Animal Diseases (CEEZAD - KSU)

16. Communique #1
Initial AASV Memo to Members – May 17/13
Not included on the USDA or OIE lists of foreign animal diseases
USDA considers this to be a “Transboundary Disease”
No requirement to report the detection to OIE as an Immediate
Report but will likely be reported on the USDA’s routine six month
or annual report
No plans to institute quarantines or movement controls

17. Communique #2
AASV Quick Facts for Public - May 17/13
Not a listed disease of the World Organization for Animal
Health (OIE)
Not considered a foreign animal disease in the United States
No interstate trade restrictions
Not a zoonotic disease
Not a food safety concern

18. What is the proper disease terminology for
PEDV?

19. Emerging
Detected for the first time in a location
Detected in a specific population for the first time
A clarified link to a chronic disease or syndrome
Re-emerging
Present in the past and considered eradicated or
controlled
(S.S. Morse. Factors in the Emergence of Infectious Diseases. Emerging Infectiou

20. Foreign Animal Disease (FAD)
High Impact diseases for which individual countries are
negative.
Individual countries, provinces, and states regulate
through legislation…. ‘reportable’, ‘notifiable’, ‘named’
diseases
Limitation of FAD terminology  it does not account
for emerging or re-emerging animal diseases of
‘domestic’ origin

21. Transboundary Animal Disease
(TAD)diseases that are of significant economic, trade
“those
and/or food security importance for a considerable
number of countries; which can easily spread to other
countries and reach epidemic proportions; and where
control/management, including exclusion, requires
cooperation between several countries.”
Transboundary Animal Diseases: Assessment of socio-economic impacts and
institutional responses (Feb 2004)
UN Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Terminology created by FAO to address ‘foreign’
animal diseases of ‘domestic’ origin

22. PEDV Questions
What is the proper disease terminology for
PEDV?
Emerging
Foreign
Transboundary

24. What is the OIE list of diseases? How used?
Why is PEDV not on the OIE’s list of ‘diseases of
interest’ but TGEV is?
What are the international reporting
responsibilities regarding emerging diseases?
How do sovereign nations determine their trade
restriction response or lack thereof?

25. Countries cooperate in the interest of trade/commerce
Motivated to control spread of FADs
World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) & the United
Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) work
together to preserve public good regarding animal health
Considerations include: Animal health & welfare, socioeconomic impact, and public health
USAHA FAD – The Gray Book 2008

26. OIE International Committee (CVO) maintains a
single unified list of reportable diseases
130 diseases of interest (OIE 2005)
Listed as species specific and multispecies groupings
Criteria:
International Spread
Significant spread within naïve populations
Zoonotic potential
Emerging diseases
USAHA FAD – The Gray Book 2008

27. OIE – Reportable Disease (Swine)
African Swine Fever
Classical Swine Fever
Nipah virus encephalitis
Porcine Cysticercosis
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory
Syndrome
Swine Vesicular disease
Transmissible gastroenteritis
USAHA FAD – The Gray Book 2008

28. Anthrax
Aujeszky’s Disease
Bluetongue
Brucellosis (abortus, melitensis, suis)
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic fever
Echinococcosis/hydatidosis
Epizootic Haemorrhagic Ds
Equine Encephalomyelitis (Eastern)
Foot & Mouth Disease
Heartwater
Japanese encephalities
USAHA FAD – The Gray Book 2008
New world screwworm
(Cochliomyia hominivorax)
Old world screwworm
(Chrysomya bezziana)
Paratuberculosis
Q fever
Rabies
Rift Valley Fever
Rinderpest
Surra (Trypanosoma evansi)
Trichinellosis
Tularemia
Vesicular Stomatitis
West Nile Fever

29. *OIE delegate reports to OIE Central Bureau (<24 hours)*
Criteria:
First time occurrence or re-occurrence
First time occurrence of a new strain
Sudden increase in distribution, incidence, mortality/morbidity
Emerging disease with significant mortality/morbidity or zoonotic
potential
Evidence of change in the epidemiology of listed disease (host
range, pathogenicity, strain)
USAHA FAD – The Gray Book 2008

30. Frequency of Reporting:
Weekly update reports on the evolution of the incident
until eradicated or endemic
Report every 6 months on absence/presence and
evolution of listed diseases & epidemiology of interest to
other countries
Report annually on any other information of interest to
other countries
USAHA FAD – The Gray Book 2008

31. Notify all OIE member countries and territories
Post information on World Animal Health
Information Database (WAHID) www.oie.int
USAHA FAD – The Gray Book 2008

32. International Trade Response to
FAD
Sovereign nations independently determine
their trade response to any change in status
with regard to a Transboundary Animal Disease
Response Related to:
Assessment of risk (i.e. animal health, continuity of
business, public health) related to spread
Politics
Trade relationship
Special interest groups

34. Emerging Diseases – Porcine
Viral

36. PEDV Questions
Where are the opportunities to improve our
response to PEDV and similar future diseases
including both non listed and high impact OIE
listed transboundary animal diseases (i.e. FADs)?

37. Slide Courtesy of Dr William Hueston – CAHFS UMN

39. Awareness of potential emerging diseases
Awareness of international and domestic response
Awareness that adopting Secure Pork Supply Plan
is a voluntary State level decision and will
facilitate USDA’s Continuity of Business efforts
Encourage State level adoption of this and other
‘secure’ plans to achieve a standardized response
on a national level

40. As Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) for proactive risk
assessment work for permit guidance
Continued development of comprehensive well
documented biosecurity programs
Explore USDA Funded developments that facilitate disease
management (i.e. Domestic and FAD PReP Disease)
FAZD tools– AgConnect, ERSS, EPS
Promote data validation & geospatial disease
management initiatives
ARC & E programs
VDLs and Premise ID
Cooperative laboratory surveillance efforts

41. Raise awareness of Foreign Animal Disease
Preparedness and Response programs
Utilize our PEDV experience as a springboard to
encourage producers and veterinarians to
capitalize on industry and regulatory
development to prepare for future challenges