Understanding PEDv: Diagnostics, Impacts & Biosecurity - Dr. Butch Baker, Iowa Pork Industry Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, from the 2014 Iowa Pork Congress, January 22-23, Des Moines, IA, USA. More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-iowa-pork-congress

1. PEDV Update: Biosecurity &
Disease Management
Considerations
R.B. Baker DVM, MS
Iowa Pork Industry Center
College of Veterinary Medicine
Iowa State University
Iowa Pork Congress 1/22/14

2. Talk Focus
• Brief review of our advancing
knowledge
–The PED virus in our herds
–Farm Biosecurity Methods
–Other biosecurity areas
–Disease Management
– Resources: www.pork.org/pedv

4. Porcine Epidemic
Diarrhea Virus
• A coronavirus similar to TGE virus
• Like TGE - high mortality in suckling
piglets (30-100%) “TGE on steroids”
• Never been in the U.S. before
• First observed in England 1971

5. Porcine Epidemic
Diarrhea Virus
• PED is primarily spread by the fecaloral route
• Incubation is very short: 12-36 hours
• Vomiting and diarrhea in all ages
• PEDV only infects pigs

6. Porcine Epidemic
Diarrhea Virus
• Elimination similar to TGE programs
– reported successful – takes longer
(90days)
– Failures are reported but little data
• In single site continuous flow farms the
virus often becomes endemic
• A generation II vaccine is on the market

7. Differential Diagnosis
• Viral gastroenteritis – the PED virus is similar to, but
distinct from Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus
(TGEV).
• Porcine rotavirus groups A and B are also major
causes in viral enteric diseases of piglets with
similar clinical presentation.
• Bacterial gastroenteritis – Clostridium spp, E. coli,
Salmonella spp, Brachyspira spp, Ileitis
• Parasitic gastroenteritis – Coccidia,
Cryptosporidium, Nematodes.

8. Keeping it out
• Biosecurity Challenges
– Fecal Oral Routes are Numerous
• Pigs (Isolation of new stock)
• Pig Trailers & Truck Drivers
– Rendering, Slaughter, Cull Sows etc.
• Feed Trucks and Drivers
• Pig handling equipment – cut boards
etc.
• Employees – hands, shoes, clothing

9. Keeping it out
– Manure handling equipment and operators
– Service personnel
– Water supply
– Tools
– Supplies
– Any fecal contaminated object that enters
the farm and contacts a pig
• Winter weather greatly enhances virus
spread

10. Bio-Exclusion Considerations
Pest/Wildlife
Control
Aerosol – weather

11. Daily Biosecurity Priorities

12. Bio-Exclusion Considerations
• Limiting traffic (people and equipment) onto
the farm,
• Thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting
anything coming onto the farm including
personal items
• Enforcing downtime requirements and
maintaining a log of visitors
• Manure handlers should be careful not to
track the virus between herds on their
person, equipment or vehicles.

13. Disinfectants ?

14. Bio-Exclusion
Considerations
• Establish practical barriers –
“clean/dirty” concept.
– Load-in/out
– Feed deliveries
– Service personnel
– Supply deliveries
– You if you deliver pigs to slaughter, haul to
other sites, and if you visit where other pig
people go!!!

15. Daily Biosecurity Priorities

16. Bio-Exclusion Considerations
• Taking care when disposing of dead stock
particularly if using a communal disposal
method
• Isolating newly arriving animals and
continuing vet to vet discussions about
animal health at the herd of origin. Pre-entry
testing For PEDV in the isolation
• Showering into the facility where practical
and changing into clean boots and coveralls
• Shower out protects other producers

17. Bio-Exclusion Considerations
• When entering a non-shower facility wash
hands or wear disposable gloves and wear
site boots and coveralls or new disposables
• Inspect all transport vehicles before they
back up to the load-out
• Take extreme caution with boots, clothing,
haul trailer, truck, cutting boards and other
loading equipment after visiting a slaughter
or cull facility
• Avoid visiting where other producers may
frequent without biosecurity precautions

19. Bio-Exclusion Considerations
• Require that farm employees shower
back in when checking feed bins or
check bins before showering-in at start
of day
• Proactively plan feed delivery routes
• Ideally, trucks should be able to unload
feed without entering site – outside the
site fence
• Invoices should be left in mailbox at
entry to farm

20. Daily Biosecurity Priorities

21. Bio-Exclusion Considerations
• Feed Drivers should keep a log of
previous history of deliveries to other
farms
• Ask your commercial feed supplier for
a copy of their last biosecurity audit
– Encourage them to develop one

24. Pig Transport Biosecurity
• Historically, transport was often incriminated
in the spread of many infectious diseases
– PRRS virus
– Porcine circovirus
– Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGE)
– Salmonella and E. coli
– Mycoplasma
– Streptococcus suis and Haemophilus parasuis
– Foreign Animal Diseases – FMD, CSF, ASF, others
– Now PEDV

25. Pig Transport Biosecurity
• Next to the pig – transportation equipment
has always been the greatest risk for disease
agent dissemination and new disease
introduction in the pig industry!

26. Pig Transportation
• Much of PEDV spread since the earliest
cases has been associated with pig
transport but not all
• Contaminated trailers, the tractors, and
drivers are all high risk after visiting a
cull sow buying station, truck washes
or slaughter plant

27. Biosecurity and the
transport driver
• The driver can be a significant cross or recontamination risk
– Tractor cabs should always be cleaned,
disinfected, and dried before the next haul
– Drivers should carry clean clothing and boots for
each stop including the truck wash.
– When entering the truck wash drivers should
shed outer wear (boots and coveralls) before
entering the clean zone of the wash

28. Transport sanitization
summary
1. Truck wash personnel, and drivers must be held
accountable for deviations in standard operation
procedures
2. Remove all bedding and visible organic matter
during the scrape and flush step
3. Wash with hot water and detergent
4. Disinfect with a field proven disinfectant
5. Inspect
6. Repeat the wash and disinfection process if
necessary
7. Dry or superheat (160° F for 10 minutes)
8. Monitor the process

29. The AP Bio-Dry
Truck and trailer are heated 160 for 10 minutes or 120 for
20 minutes

30. Daily Biosecurity Priorities

31. Biosecurity is effective
against PEDV!

32. BIOSECURITY
THINK!!

33. Elimination
• First Step has been early weaning off site
• Immediate feedback of infected material to
the breeding herd
• Herd closure
Source: Geiger J.O., Connor, J.F. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea, Diagnosis, and Elimination.
www.aasv.org, accessed 11/10/13.

34. Elimination
• If Possible:
• All replacement gilts necessary for a period of
four to six months should be in the farm during
the feedback exposure period
• Sentinel animals are best to determine if the
virus has been eliminated prior to resumption
of replacement flow (introduction of naïve
animals)

35. Feedback protocols are
like those for TGEV
• Consist of fecal material and/or the intestinal
tracts (viscera) from infected / scouring
piglets
• Process the viscera through a garbage
disposal/blender etc. to macerate thoroughly
• Cold water may be used to extend/carry the
feedback material
– The virus is temperature sensitive – warm, hot, or
chlorinated water should be avoided
Source: Geiger J.O., Connor, J.F. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea, Diagnosis, and Elimination.
www.aasv.org, accessed 11/10/13.

36. What About Vaccine
• One on the market
• Several in the works
• Many in Asia

37. Impact on price of live hogs
“Worst case scenario”
• Assuming a Price Flexibility of 2.37 and a
reduction in supply of 7.7%
• Market hog prices would rise by
7.7% * 2.37 = 18.25%
(Up $16.42 from $90 to 106.42)
(Provided by Dr. Derald Holtkamp)

38. Thank you