Improving Finish Pig Viability By Using Xylanase - Dr. Dean Boyd, The Hanor Company, from the 2015 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 19-22, 2015, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-leman-swine-conference-material

1. Slide 1
Improving Finish Pig Viability by Using
the Feed Enzyme Xylanase
R. Dean Boyd, PhD1 and Cate Rush, MSci.
The Hanor Company
1Adjunct Professor of Animal Nutrition
North Carolina State and Iowa State Universities
Leman Swine Conference, 2015
Feed Enzymes to Enhance Growth and Viability

2. Slide 2
Presentation Framework:
Most Important Benefit of Dietary Xylanase is
Improving Viability in Growing Pigs.
Financial Value of Improved Viability
First DEMO that Xylanase Improves Finish Viability and it
was Dose-related
Viability Response under High and Low Immune Response
Possible Mechanism – Shift in Microbiome Balance ?

3. Viability is a Powerful KPI in Pig Production –
Probing for Profit Opportunity: 2015
How much change in Key Performance variables is required to –
Improve Net Income by $1.50 per 282 lb base pig given 2015
Projections. NO. Pigs is a Powerful driver (Fr. McCulley Financial Model)
0.71 Carcass Price, $/Cwt (most powerful single factor)  Revenue
1.00 Pigs/Mated Sow/Year Weaned  Production
0.78 W-F Mortality and Off-Grade Pigs, %  Production
11.8 Live Weight Increase over 282 Projection, lbs  Production
0.049 W-F FCR Improvement, 2015 Feed Cost ($225/ton)  Cost
0.034 W-F FCR Improvement, 2013 Feed Cost ($325/ton)  Cost
4.08 W-F Feed Cost, $/ton  Cost

4. First DEMO that Xylanase Improved Viability
N = 1116 Feeder - Finish Pigs, HI health from 25-280 lbs
Diets contained Corn Germ, DDGS, HF-Rice Bran (NDF, 16.3%)
Research Memo 2012-18 by Remus, Hall, Rush and Boyd 2013
SEM 1.08, Quadratic P=0.034
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
0 4000 8000 12000
Mortality, %

5. Basis for the Apparent Adverse Effect of a Xylanse
Dose on Pig Viability ?
The Quadratic nature of Viability response to Xylanase dose is possibly due to
excessive Xylose production, which, in excess, can compromise the Gut and
Enteric Health. For example, provision of Xylanase to the Immediately Weaned
Pig causes negative effects on stool integrity and health. We believe that
Xylanase may have to be dosed in gradually.
In Practice, we initiate diet Xylanase after at 25 lbs and at 70% of the Finish Pig
dose.

6. Dose Response Assay of Dietary Xylanase on Pig Viability
in a Commercial Environment – 25 to 300 lbs
Cate Rush, Megan Angell, Amanda Elsbernd, Tim Fakler,
Janet Remus and R. Dean Boyd
Basis
The Feed Enzyme, Xylanase, has been observed to improve
Viability in Commercial Poultry studies (p.c. Remus), and
this is consistent with two of our studies.
Objective
Calibrate the dose-related response to Porzyme Xylanase
for Viability and Growth of Pigs raised in a Commercial
environment and in the 25-300 lb phase.
Hanor Research Memo 2014-12

7. Experimental Method
Animals
2124 Pigs placed in a Commercial Research Facility. Barn
has 2 Rooms with 36 Pens each.
PIC Genetics
Gender balanced but Penned separately
64 Pens in total with 33 Pigs placed/Pen (32-35 pigs)
o 4 Pens per room set apart as MED pens for respective Diets
EU = Pen
Initial weight, 25.7 + 0.4 lbs
Final weight, 304 + 1.2 lbs
Pens allocated within WT block and gender to Diet TRT
16 Pens per Xylanase dose for ca. 530 Pigs each

8. Experimental Method
Diets – Porzyme Xylanase
Diets Formulated to be Nutrient Adequate (PIC 2011)
6 Diet Phases: Nurse 4, Finish 1-5
2 Diets Manufactured per phase (0, 9000 U/kg)
2 Diets Summit blended to form 0, 3000, 6000, 9000 U/kg
Pigs Removed to Medical Pens on respective Diets
Pigs Harvested at Triumph Food at Avg 304 lbs WT
Key Measures –
WB ADG, FCR
Carcass Yield, Carcass ADG and FCR
Mortality, Medical Treatment, Off-grade Market Pigs

9. Ingredient Composition: Selected Diets
Ingredient, % as fed Nursery 4 Finish 1 Finish 3 Finish 5
Corn, 8.5% CP 650 u 953 958 1165 1283
Soybean meal 47.5% 548 464 266 155
Corn DDGS 300 300 300 300
Wheat MIDDS 100 200 200 200
Fat CWG 20 20 20 20
Limestone 24.7 25 24.1 23.7
Monocalcium Phos 21% 11.4 3 0 0
Salt 8 8 8 8
VTM Premix 2 2 2 2
Porzyme Premix +1 +1 +1 +1
Amino Acids + Other (FTU) 31.9 19.0 14.9 8.3
Total 2000.0 2000.0 2000.0 2000.0

10. Improved Viability with Porzyme Xylanase is Dose-
Related – LO Immune Stress (25 to 300 lbs)
SEM, 0.98 Linear, P = 0.175
Rush, Remus and Boyd, 2014 (Res Memo 2014-12)
Y=3.942-0.000202x, P=0.168

11. Improved Viability with Porzyme Xylanase is Dose-
Related – LO Immune Stress (25 to 300 lbs)
SEM, 0.98 Linear, P = 0.175
Rush, Remus and Boyd, 2014 (Res. Memo 2014-12)
Y=98.828-0.000202x, P=0.168

12. Xylanase Dose, U/kg Diet Statistics
Criterion 0 3000 6000 9000 SEM Linear Quad
No. Pigs 520 528 545 531 - - -
No. Pens 16 16 16 16 - - -
Start WT, lbs 25.8 25.9 25.7 25.6 0.4 0.636 0.847
Final WT, lbs 305.5 301.2 303.7 305.5 1.2 0.686 0.014
DOF, d 148.8 150.8 151.4 149.9 0.8 0.261 0.027
WB ADG, lbs/d * 1.87 1.82 1.82 1.86 0.01 0.616 0.001
WB FCR 2.61 2.62 2.60 2.58 0.02 0.160 0.443
Farm Carcass
Yield, % 73.90 74.01 74.13 74.26 0.002 0.160 0.951
Carc ADG, lbs/d 1.39 1.36 1.37 1.39 0.01 0.825 0.001
Carc FCR 3.51 3.49 3.44 3.45 0.02 0.015 0.567
Growth Response to Increasing Porzyme Xylanase Dose
in Pigs under LO Immune Stress (25 to 300 lbs)
Research Memo 2014-12

13. Xylanase Dose, U/kg Diet Statistics
Criterion 0 3000 6000 9000 SEM Linear Quad
No. Pigs 520 528 545 531 - - -
No. Pens 16 16 16 16 - - -
WB WT, lb/p 305.5 301.2 303.7 305.5 1.2 0.686 0.014
Calculated
MKT Pigs/1000 960 965 978 976 - - -
WB Pen Gain, lb 8599 8663 9109 8984 34.9
Carc Pen Gain lb 6355 6411 6753 6672 25.8
Total Pen Gain in Response to Increasing Porzyme
Xylanase Dose in Pigs (25 to 300 lbs)
Research Memo 2014-12
TOTAL Pen Gain is a better descriptor than ADG IF Viability is a Treatment Effect

14. Financial Evaluation of Dose
ROF per Pig based on Improved Viability
(Total Lbs Retained) and Improved
Individual Carcass FCR.
Assumed: $90/CCwt, Trial Performance and
$0.40 per ton for each 3000 U Xylanase.
Porzyme, U/kg Diet
Feed, $/ton 0 3000 6000 9000
250 - -0.75 2.03 2.76
350 - -0.30 1.89 2.41

15. 3.4%
2.3%
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
Control Hostazyme Xylanase
Mortality,%
Dietary Treatment
Pig Mortality in a Parallel Study
2629 Pigs (25-300 lbs)
P = 0.188
1500 EPU/kg complete diet
Hanor Exp. 2014-12 b

16. Are There Other Examples of Xylanase ?
In Fact, there were but the UK Researchers only summarized ADG
and FCR Data until prompted by our Observation.
4-Trials Existed: Courtesy of Dr. Pete Wilcock but before that . . .
4453 Total Pigs under Commercial Conditions (side x side trials)
AVG Initial Lbs 31 kg (68 lbs)
AVG Final Lbs 115 kg (253 lbs)
Control = 7.2% vs Competitor Xylanase = 4.8%

17. 3.2
1.9
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Trial 1
Mortality%
40 kg to 105 kg
Control competitor X
3.9
2.6
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Trial 2Mortality%
48 kg to 115 kg
Control Competitor X
Trials 1, 2: Total of 1552 pigs and 1547 pigs respectively. Farm Trial under
typical commercial conditions, wheat based diets, UK
Competitor Xylanase: Response under High Health
Conditions

18. Trial 1: Total of 384 pigs under Research Conditions (C-S base; USA)
Trial 2: Total of 970 pigs under Commercial Conditions (Wheat base; UK)
Competitor Xylanase: Response under LO Health
Conditions
10.94
5.73
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Trial 3
Mortality%
8 kg to 130 kg
Control Competitor X
10.68
8.92
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Trial 4
Mortality+Morbidity%
28 kg to 108 kg
Control Competitor X

19. A Possible Mechanism by Which Xylanase
Improves Finish Pig Viability
Xylanases breakdown cell wall NSP esp. Arabino-Xylans to smallers
Xylo Oligomers. The latter are Prebiotic Oligosaccharides which as
fermented support the growth of beneficial gut microflora which
suppress growth of pathogenic bacteria.
This shift in Microbiome Balance is due to a change in substrate type,
which favors beneficial bacteria. Pathogens tend to use Protein based
substrates. Butyric acid is also produced which is important to
epithelial cell growth.
The beneficial Microbiome supports good Intestinal barrier function and
reduces the local response to Immune challenge against pathogenic
bacteria. One could envision less gut immune tissue, resulting in a
higher Carcass Yield; hence improved Carcass FCR.

20. Conclusions
Most Important and Most Repeatable benefit
of Xylanase is Viability
Viability wqs Improved by 30-40% under
both LO and Moderate Immune Stress
Improved Viability Observed with a variety of
Diet Types including C-S and with 3
Commercial Xylanases (DuPont, AB-Vista
and HuvePharma)
Nutrient Uplift is Observed but is Not as
Impressive or Repeatable.

22. Diet Ingredients are Known to Promote and Harm
Viability, esp. in Young Pigs
Ingredients that Minimize Diet Induced
Disease Stress in Young Pigs–
Steamed Oats
High Quality Fish Meal
Animal Plasma
SBM Ameliorates adverse response to
Respiratory Disease in G-F Pigs.
Our Understanding of Ways in which
Ingredient Incompatibility is Expanding
and Includes –
Epithelial Cell – Cell disruption
Microbiome Balance
Substrate Balance to Favor
Beneficial Microbes ?

23. Dose Response Assay of Dietary Hostazyme Xylanase on
Pig Viability in a Commercial Environment – 25 to 300 lbs
Cate Rush, Megan Angell, Tim Fakler, Rafael Cabrera
and R. Dean Boyd
Pigs raised in a Commercial environment and under LO
Immune stress.
Hanor Protocol 2014-12

24. Experimental Method
Animals
2629 Pigs placed in a Commercial Barn that was retrofitted
for Research. The Barn had 2 Rooms
PIC Genetics
Gender balanced but Genders Penned separately
33 Pens per Room with 34 Pigs placed/Pen
EU = Pen
Initial weight, 25 lbs
Final weight, 300 lbs
33 Pens per Xylanase dose for approx. 1300 Pigs each
Pens allocated within weight block and gender to Diet TRT

25. Most Important Benefit of Feed Enzyme Xylanase is Improved Viability
Road Map:
Verbal – First Suggestion in 2008 Nutrient Uplift Experiment
Viability is a Powerful KPI (a,b)
First Illustration that Pig Viability could be altered by Feed Enzyme
Xylanase; and it was Dose-related
Best Demonstration to date of Xylanase effect on Viability, Growth
Borrowed Illustrations: LO Health
Borrowed Illustrations: HI Health
Possible Mechanism: Could it be a favorable shift in Microbiome
Insert Poultry Microbiome Finding
Financial Value under LO Profit and NO Profit Scenario:
a) Varied Feed Price b) Varied Pig Price
Nutrient Uplift – Possible but hard to demonstrate in Finish Pig
Acknowledgments