Chapter 13, The American Pageant, 12th edition

1. Chapter 13 The Rise of a Mass Democracy 1824-1840

2. Key Role-players John Quincy Adams Martin Van Buren Andrew Jackson John C. Calhoun Henry Clay

3. Jackson “Old Hickory” – nickname representing his physical toughness. Well known for intense passions, flaring temper, and occasional duel Gained political fervor in the West via boastful campaigning Won the election of 1824 over Adams, Crawford, and Clay. Succeeded John Quincy Adams as the 7th president of the nation Strong Anti-Federalist, promoted western Democracy; the “Common Man” Unusually high number of vetos as president, defiant to Supreme Court Believed in the preservation of the Union at all costs The “Smoking Gun” of the White House

4. Key Events

5. The Spoils System Rewarded patrons of the government with high political positions of employment Introduced on a large scale Supported by Jackson himself “Every man is as good as his neighbor-perhaps equally better” – Jackson- Contributed to the development of the two-party system

6. Tariff Of Abominations Put into effect in 1828 Issued by John Quincy Adams Was intended to protect the American industry from European competition Actually crippled the already economically troubled South Caused an up rise in hostility between the North and the South John C. Calhoun secretly contributed to the denouncement of the tariff

7. The Trail of Tears Between 1838 and 1839, 17,000 Cherokee Indians, were rounded up by the government and forced from their homes due to Jackson’s mission of western expansion They crossed the southern part of Illinois into Missouri, then finally reaching Indian Territory, now known as Oklahoma. On the way 4,ooo died from exposure and fatigue. This is why this trail is now known as the Trail of Tears.

8. The Texas AnnexationMexican or Texican? 1821- Mexico gains freedom from Spain 1822 – Stephen F. Austin founds the colony of Texas 1835/36 - Texas war for independence 1836 – Crockett vs. Santa Anna @ The Alamo (Santa Anna wins) 1836 – Houston vs. Santa Anna @ San Jacinto (Houston wins) Remember the Alamo

9. The Two-Party System By 1840, the national “Republican” identity had died out Theme Jacksonian Democrats - supported the individualism of the single American Whigs - supported the natural harmony of society and the value of community. Ex: a renewed national bank, protective tariffs, internal improvements, public schools, and moral reforms, such as the prohibition of liquor and the abolition of slavery.

10. DBQ Between the period of 1824 to 1840 what were the significant changes in America‘s political election system and what how did the public respond to these changes?

11. Document A A quote from an Anti-Jackson Newspaper of the election of 1828 “General Jackson’s mother was a Common Prostitute, brought to this country by the British soldiers! She afterwards married a mulatto man with whom she had several children”

12. Document B A song/slogan of the election of 1840 supporting Van Buren “Rockabye, baby, Daddy's a Whig When he comes home, hard cider he'll swig When he has swug He'll fall in a stu And down will come Tyler and Tippecanoe. Rockabye, baby, when you awake You will discover Tip is a fake. Far from the battle, war cry and drum He sits in his cabin a'drinking bad rum. Rockabye, baby, never you cry You need not fear OF Tip and his Ty. What they would ruin, Van Buren will fix. Van's a magician, they are but tricks.”

13. Document C An except from Alexis de Tocqueville’s Democracy in America, 1831-1832 The cares of political life engross a most prominent place in the occupation of a citizen in the United States; and almost the only pleasure of which an American has any idea, is to take a part in the Government, and to discuss the part he has taken. This feeling pervades the most trifling habits of life; even the women frequently attend public meetings, and listen to political harangues as a recreation after their household labours. Debating clubs are to a certain extent a substitute for theatrical entertainments: an American cannot converse, but he can discuss; and when he attempts to talk he falls into a dissertation. He speaks to you as if he was addressing a meeting; and if he should chance to warm in the course of the discussion, he will infallibly say 'Gentlemen,' to the person with whom he is conversing. . . .