This document discusses microgrids and renewable energy integration. It notes that microgrids are decentralized, self-sufficient power networks that are generally located in regions rich in renewable energy resources. Integrating high levels of renewable energy into microgrids presents challenges in maintaining grid stability due to the intermittent nature of renewable sources. The document proposes that intelligent control systems and grid stabilization technologies can enable high renewable energy penetration of up to 100% while keeping the voltage and frequency stable and maximizing fuel savings and return on investment. ABB provides solutions like the Remote Microgrid Controller and PowerStore flywheel system to stabilize grids and maximize the benefits of integrating renewable energy at high levels.
4. Grid stabilization for high penetration systems
Integration Strategies
Renewable
Integration
Low Penetration
<10-15%
OK
Medium
Penetration
10/15% - 50%
Power
management
required
Limiting Power of
Renewables
Load Shedding
Combining RE and
Diesel Control
Provision of
Spinning Reserve
High Penetration >
50%
Sophisticated
Control System &
Stability required
Same as Medium
Penetration
Grid Stabilisation
Low Load Diesels
Demand Side
Management
11. Microgrid design
Model verification – using real data
Simulation tool
Recorded data from real
system
Output of simulation
(Voltage, frequency, etc.)
Input Power System Model Output
HSS
LS Netz
Leitung
Gen1
LS Gen1
G
~
Gen 1
Ltg
LS
G
~
Gen 2
3 ~ 415V / 50 Hz
P-Q Messung
Gen 1
PLL
Grid
P-Q Messung
Netz
LS
G
~
Gen 3
Ltg
LS
G
~
Gen 4
Ltg
LS
G
~
Gen 5
Ltg
LS
G
~
Gen 6
Ltg
LS
G
~
Gen 7
Ltg
f-U
measurement
Leitung Ps1
LS Ps1
Ps 1
P-Q Messung
Ps1
Diesel generator
PowerStore
Isolated gird
Kompensation
WKA 1
LtgLS
G
~
WKA 3
WKA 2
LS
P-Q Messung
WKA 1
G
~
G
~
Ltg
Leitung
WKA1
WKA 1
LS
WKA1
Wind turbine
32. Summary
Allow for sufficient planning time & budget to ensure the integration of
renewables
Gives you the highest ROI
Does not negatively affect your power system
Being able to control all plant in a system including all renewable generators to
Control generation to meet demand
Control excess energy and prevent over production and reverse power
scenarios
Optimize the total system efficiency by maximizing the renewables
Maintaining grid stability when running high penetration renewable systems by
Compensating the frequency and voltage fluctuations
Micro-Grid challenges
37. MV - HV range
~10MW – 70MW rating
LV range
~25kW – 300kW rating
LV - MV range
~200kW – 30MW rating
Optimized convertersTypical grid connection levels
ESI PCS 100 DynaPeaQ PCS 8000
Batteries,flywheels,
super-capacitors
MV - HV range
≥30MW rating
Pumpedhydro
Power electronic conversion
ABB energy storage converter portfolio
38. ESS applications fall into 2 categories
Segmentation between long and short discharge time
ESS = Energy Storage System
100 kW 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW 1000 MW
10
1000
100
10 h
1 h
10 min
Power requirement [MW]
30
300
End-user
peak shaving
Frequency
regulation
Load leveling
(postponement of
grid upgrade)
Renewables integration
Energy
Power
Load leveling
(generation
utilization)
Dischargetime[min]
39. Energy
Power
100 kW 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW 1000 MW
10
1000
100
10 h
1 h
10 min
Dischargetime[min]
Power requirement [MW]
30
300
Pumped-Hydro
Lithium ion battery
Flow battery / emerging technologies
Sodium Sulfur battery
Lead acid battery
Super-capacitor / flywheel
Right technology for right application
Segmentation on ‘power’ and ‘energy’ technologies
40. How ABB selects the right battery manufacturer
Evaluate both technical and commercial maturity
Technical maturity
Commercial
maturity
Specific to batteries
Right performance
Right total cost
Support with in-house testing
… as ‘due diligence’
… to stay at the cutting edge
of battery technology
All ABB suppliers
Supplier Code of Conduct
Process Audit
Supplier Qualification
Supplier Risk Management
Reputable
manufacturer
+
unproven battery
Reputable
manufacturer
+
proven battery
New manufacturer
+
unproven battery
New manufacturer
+
proven battery
An ABB
battery module
testing facility