1) The document discusses key concepts related to earthquakes including their location, cause, measurement, and impact. 2) Major concepts explained include the focus (where pressure is released underground), epicenter (location directly above the focus where damage is greatest), and Richter scale (method for measuring earthquake magnitude). 3) The document provides a table listing details of significant earthquakes from 1923 to 2008 including location, year, magnitude on the Richter scale, and deaths.

4. Seismograph The strength of an earthquake is measured using a seismograph.

7. Dr. Charles Richter

9. FOCUS EPICENTRE SEISMIC WAVES Add the label

10. Match the word with the definition: SEISMOLOGY SEISMOMETER EPICENTRE RICHTER SCALE TSUNAMI FOCUS 1. The place underground where the earthquake starts. 2. The centre of the earthquake where the effects will be greatest (directly above the focus) 3. A huge wave caused by an undersea earthquake. 4. A machine that measures the intensity of shaking during an earthquake. 5. A method of measuring the power of an earthquake. 6. The study of earthquakes.

11. 7.4 3000 Turkey 1999 6.1 4000 Afghanistan 1998 7.2 5,477 Kobe, Japan 1995 6.6 57 Los Angeles 1994 6.5 10 000 Latur, India 1993 7.3 50 000 Iran 1990 7.1 67 San Francisco 1989 6.9 25 000 Armenia 1988 8.1 9 500 Mexico City 1985 7.6 240 000 Tangshan, China 1976 6.5 65 San Fernando USA 1971 7.8 66 000 Peru 1970 8.3 131 Alaska, USA 1964 7.9 156,000 Tokyo, Japan 1923 8.2 450 San Francisco 1906 RICHTER SCALE DEATHS PLACE YEAR

12. YOUR TASK….. On an outline map of the world – locate the earthquakes in the table. Note the year and the death toll Look at your map of plate boundaries. Describe the distribution of the earthquakes in relation to the types of plate boundary. Plot a scattergraph of the death toll for each earthquake shown in the table (y axis) against its strength (x axis). What is the relationship shown in the graph. How strong is the link between earthquake intensity and the number of deaths caused? 7.9 69,197 Sichuan, China 2008 7.6 19,000 Pakistan 2005 6.6 15,000 Bam 2003