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Roy Kennedy Massachusetts Bay Community College Wellesley Hills, MA Introductory Chemistry , 3 rd  Edition Nivaldo Tro Chapter 4 Atoms and Elements 2009, Prentice Hall
Experiencing Atoms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
Dalton’s Atomic Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
Dalton’s Atomic Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
Some Notes on Charges ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
Structure of the Nucleus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
Some Problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
There Must Be Something Else There ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
The Modern Atom ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
The Nature of Electrical Charge ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
Practice—An Atom Has 20 Protons.  Determine if Each of the Following Statements Is True or False? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4 True True False
Elements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Periodic Table of Elements Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4 Atomic number Atomic mass Element symbol
Review ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
Review ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
Periodicity Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4 = Metal = Metalloid = Nonmetal
Practice—Classify Each Element as Metal, Nonmetal, or Metalloid. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4 Nonmetal Metal Nonmetal Metalloid Metal
The Modern Periodic Table ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
The Modern Periodic Table, Continued  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4 = Halogens = Lanthanides = Actinides = Alkali metals = Alkali earth metals = Noble gases = Transition metals
Important Groups— Alkali Metals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4 lithium sodium potassium rubidium cesium
Important Groups—Alkali Earth Metals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4 magnesium calcium beryllium strontium barium
Important Groups—Halogens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],bromine iodine chlorine fluorine
Important Groups—Noble Gases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
Charged Atoms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
Ions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
Atomic Structures of Ions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
Atomic Structures of Ions, Continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
[object Object],[object Object],Example: Find the number of protons and electrons in the Ca 2+  ion. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4 Ca = calcium Atomic number = 20
[object Object],[object Object],Example: Find the number of protons and electrons in the Ca 2+  ion. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4 Ca = calcium Atomic number = 20 #p = atomic number = 20 Ion charge = #p - #e +2 = 20 - #e -18 = - #e 18 = #e
Practice—Fill in the Table. Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
Practice—Fill in the Table, Continued. Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
Valence Electrons and Ion Charge ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
Ion Charge and the Periodic Table ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4 Li + Na + K + Rb + Cs + Be 2+ Mg 2+ Ca 2+ Sr 2+ Ba 2+ Al 3+ Ga 3+ In 3+ O 2  S 2  Se 2  Te 2  F  Cl  Br  I  N 3  P 3  As 3  1A 2A 3A 7A 6A 5A
Structure of the Nucleus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
Isotopes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
Isotopes, Continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Neon Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4 9.25% 22 12 10 Ne-22 or 0.27% 21 11 10 Ne-21 or 90.48% 20 10 10 Ne-20 or Percent natural abundance A, mass number Number of neutrons Number of protons Symbol
Isotopes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4 Atomic symbol A = Mass number Z = Atomic number A X Z = X-A Cl 35 17
[object Object],[object Object],Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Example: How many protons and neutrons in the chromium isotope  ?  Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4 Cr = chromium Atomic Number = 24 #p = atomic number = 24 Mass Number = #p + #n 52 = 24 + #n 28 = #n
Practice—Complete the Following Table. Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4
Practice—Complete the Following Table, Continued. Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 4

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Tro3 lecture 04

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. add pictures of elements from text