3. 10/30/18 2/23
エルゼビアが買ったもの(解説はWikipedia)
• Mendeley(2013 年): “a desktop and web program ... for
managing and sharing research papers, discovering researchdata
and collaborating online.”
• SSRN(2016 年 7月): “a repository devoted to the rapid
dissemination of scholarly research in the social sciences and
humanities”
• Plum Analytics(2017 年 2月): “altmetrics companydedicated to
measuring the influence of scientific research”
• bepress(2017年 8月): “support scholarly communication,
including institutional repository and publishing software.Until
September 2011 it also published electronic journals”
• Aries(2018年 9月): “a leader in scientific publication workflow
solutions” 要するに投稿システム (PLOS も使って いるとの
こと)
4. 10/30/18 3/23
国際的学術雑誌出版者のプラットフォームビジネス化
• “creates value by facilitating exchanges between two ormore
interdependent groups, usually consumers andproducers. In
order to make these exchanges happen, platforms harness
and create large, scalable networks of users and resources
that can be accessed ondemand”(Alex Moazed)
• “What a company owns matters less than what it can
connect”(Moazed)
• “Thanks to the Internet and connected technology, information
goods today have a near-zero marginal costof distribution.
The cost to serve one additionalcustomer is basically
zero.”(Nicholas L. Johnson)
9. 10/30/18 8/23
Digital Science の会社・製品
• ReadCube: “your personal library of research”
• Altmetric: いうまでもなく
• Figshare: “figshare wants to open up scientific data to the
world”
• Symplectic: research information management system
• Digital Science Consultancy
• berResearch: “Decision Support Systems for Science
Funders”
たしかにこれでプラットフォームビジネスにはなる。
12. ”The Year of Preprints”?(昨年スライド)
http://www.prepubmed.org/monthly s t a t s /
10/30/18 11/23
13. Preprint serverの行方
“OUR PREPRINT POLICIES
Most research journals allow posting on preprint servers suchas
bioRxiv prior to publication. A list of journal policies canbe found
on Wikipedia and SHERPA/RoMEO. Authorsshould consult
these lists and other sources of informationbefore posting on
bioRxiv.”
10/30/18 12/23
14. 10/30/18 13/23
早期公開と質
“Articles are not peer-reviewed, edited, or typeset beforebeing
posted online. However, all articles undergo a basic screening
process for offensive and/or non-scientific content and for material
that might pose a health or biosecurity riskand are checked for
plagiarism. No endorsement of an article ’s methods,
assumptions, conclusions, orscientific quality by Cold
Spring Harbor Laboratory is implied by its appearance
in bioRxiv. An article may beposted prior to, or concurrently with,
submission to a journalbut should not be posted if it has already
been accepted forpublication by a journal.”
19. 10/30/18 18/23
Plan S, “S” for “science, speed, solution, shock”
“ research funders will mandate that access to researchpublications
that are generated through research grants thatthey allocate, must
be fully and immediately open andcannot be monetised in any
way.”
“After 1 January 2020 scientific publications on the resultsfrom
research funded by public grants provided by nationaland European
research councils and funding bodies, must bepublished in
compliant Open Access Journals or oncompliant Open Access
Platforms.”
21. 10/30/18 20/23
“A Response to Plan-S from Academic Researchers:
Unethical, Too Risky!”
“While subscription TA journals work with a reading paywall, pure
Gold OA journals create a paywall for the researchers.We are
aware that the current Plan S suggests putting a capon article
processing costs (APCs). However, it is unclearwhat this cap
would be and whether policy makers will succeed in reducing APCs
at all.”
“A high quality journal, to us, is one with rigorous peerreview and
editorial oversight, where the publications provide a comprehensive
study (as opposed to salami slicing), thatmakes a significant
contribution to our knowledge of the field and checks for true
novelty.”
22. 10/30/18 21/23
Projekt DEAL
• ”DEAL and Elsevier negotiations: Elsevier demands
unacceptable for the academic community (5. July2018)
• 相次ぐキャンセル ⇒ 交渉は続く。DFGははいってい
ない。
• 抱き合わせは無理ということか。GRC はどうなった
か。イギリスはどうなったか、オランダはどうなった
か。みんなで一斉にできれば可能であろうが、それが
難しい。Elsevier を敵役にするのが精一杯。⇒ “The
Paywall” を参照。
23. 10/30/18 22/23
SciHubとRA21、機関による管理
“RA21 ’s mission is to align and simplify pathways to subscribed
content across participating scientific platforms.RA21 will address
the common problems users face wheninteracting with multiple
and varied informationprotocols.”(STM/NISO)
⇒ Proxy serverの排除、IP認証の廃止
“SciHub and RA21 seem to be diametrically opposed, but they
are twins and together the epitome of what is wrong with the
current system.”(Ralf Schimmer)
24. 10/30/18 23/23
オープンサイエンスの彷徨、または、オープンサイエン
ス= 市民科学 (Citizen Science) の可能性 (2015 年スライド
再掲)
• 新しい話ではない
- William Whewell’s tidal research 1833 – 1840,made
possible by British Association forAdvancement of
Science(currently, British ScienceAssociation)
- SETI@Home, SOHO, Galaxy Zoo, The Great
Sunflower Project, FoldIt etc.
- Polymath
- Lorenzo’s Oil(1992), Extraordinary
Measures(2010), etc.
• 市民は道具であり、受益者ではない
• 市民科学がデータ収集とパズル解きにとどまるならば、
それは「通常科学」 “normal science” ⇒ イノベーショ ン
は生まれなはず
25. 10/30/18 24/23
OAと質
• オープンアクセスと「質」の問題は無関係である
• オープンアクセスはアクセスの問題である
• 「質」の問題は質の問題である
• アクセスの問題は、インターネット利用で限界費用が
ゼロになることからある意味で解決
• 質の問題については意見が分かれている: コストがか
かる、いや、ボランタリーな活動なのだからコストは
かかってない
• その意味でPredatory journal の貢献は大きい
• Green は質は保証できるがスケールしない。Goldは、
総額の上限が見えない
• さらに、Global South 問題: Joachim Sch¨opfel and
Ulrich Herb (eds.) Open Devide: Critical Studies on
Open Access, 2018