This presentation is a part of a series of webinars being conducted by PSIE for awareness of different aspects of Industrial Engineering. It covers the safety statistics of Pakistan, economic effects and costs.
Online Safety Lecture for Pakistan Society of Industrial Engineers (PSIE)
1.
2. SAFETY and HEALTH
A Brief Session on Awareness and Pakistan’s scenario
Pakistan Society
of Industrial
Engineers
The OHS Consultants
Ltd
3. A brief intro
Name Usman Dawood Barry
Qualification Industrial Engineer from IoBM, Karachi
Professional Diploma in HSE from Skill Development
Council
Professional Experience Assistant Manager @ S.K. Industries
Founder/CEO and Lead Trainer @ The OHS Consultants
Guest Speaker on Safety at different Forums
Memberships Associate Member @ Fire Protection Association of
Pakistan (FPAP)
Member of Institute of Industrial Engineers (IIE)
4. About this session
• Create awareness about safety
• Promote safety attitude and culture
• An insight to Pakistan’s scenario
5. Occupational health & safety
• The practice of making the working environment as free as possible
from conditions that can cause harm to personnel and property
6. Occupational health & safety
• Why it is important?
• A safe environment is productive and efficient
• Keeps all secured from unwanted mishaps
• Moral and ethical requirement
• It is your Constitutional Right
• under article Article 37(e)
11. Fire
• What it is?
• An energy releasing (exothermic) chemical reaction which is initiated only
when appropriate amount of temperature, fuel and oxygen are present at the
same instant
12. Why fire safety is important
• Fires cause 1% of the global burden of disease and 300,000 deaths
per year
• At the beginning of the 21st century, there were reported 7,000,000
to 8,000,000 fires annually with 70,000 to 80,000 fire deaths and
500,000 to 800,000 fire injuries
• Centre of Fire Statistics of CTIF, 2006
13. • Other than life losses/injuries, there are economic damages also
• In U.S. alone, fire incidents cost $170 billion each year
• OSHA statistics
• Equivalent to PKR 18,000 billion
• Indirect losses include
• Psychological/traumas/emotional
• Insurance/repair
• Time lost
• Reputation/Legal
15. Pakistan’s scenario
• The fire incidents kill 16,500 people and leave 164,000 injured or
disabled every year across the country but the government is yet to
adopt a National Fire Safety Policy to control the situation.
• The Nation newspaper, Sep 24 2012
• The country suffers an estimated loss of Rs400 billion every year
16. Fire Services
• Long neglected under the municipalities
• No fire law in the country
• there was a fire service law of 1949 for the West Punjab, which was abolished
by the basic democracy ordinances and the subsequent local government
ordinances have reduced it to a few words
• The first professionally trained and modern fire service was finally
launched from Lahore on 5th June 2007 by the name of Rescue 1122
• Expanded to Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Sialkot and Murree.
17. Rescue 1122 – some achievements
• Launched Community Awareness Programme in all districts of the
Punjab, to educate the common citizens regarding fire safety, First aid
training and basic life support skills
• Have responded to thousands of fire calls and saved lives & losses
worth billions of rupees
19. Fire Incidents between Year 2007 to June
2010
http://www.hemmingfire.com/news/fullstory.php/aid/1213/Causes_of_Fire_Emergencies_managed_by_Rescue_1122_in_Punjab,_Pakistan.html
20. Causes of Fire
• Many fires are caused by old and faulty electrical wiring.
• Older homes and commercial settings are particularly susceptible because of
aluminum wiring that increases the chances of fire
• An ongoing “Energy Crisis” in the country and unscheduled power
failure is also a contributing factor in short circuiting
• Children playing with matches are a major source of home
fires/kitchen fires
• Fire and burn injuries are the second leading cause of accidental deaths in
children ages 1-4, and the third leading cause of injury and death for ages 1-
18
21. Other common causes of Fires
• Careless cooking
• Use of ordinary extension cords
• Placement of electric heaters and open flame heaters too close to
combustibles etc.
22. Leading causes of the reported fire
incidents
50%
10%
5%
2%
1% 1% 0.82% 0.18%
25%
5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Short Circuiting Careless Smoking Gas Leakage Candle/Heater Forest Fires Fire Works LPG/Cylinder Blast Kitchen Fire Unknown others
23. Classes of Fires
• Class A
• Caused by combustible solids like wood, paper & plastics
• Class B
• Caused by flammable liquids and gases
• Flammable liquids like petrol, kerosene, alcohols, etc
• Flammable gases natural gas (methane), propane, butane, etc
24. Classes of Fires [cont’d]
• Class C/E
• Electrical Fires
• Class D
• Metal fire caused by combustible metals such as magnesium, potassium
• Not much common
25. Classes of Fires [cont’d]
• Class K
• Kitchen Fires
• Caused by cooking oils left unattended on burning stoves
• NEVER use Water to extinguish
• Also caused by natural gas leakage
26. Smoke
• Smoke occurs when there is incomplete combustion (not
enough oxygen to burn the fuel completely)
• When incomplete combustion occurs, not everything is burned
• Smoke is a collection of these tiny unburned particles
• Each particle is too small to see with your eyes, but when they come
together, you see them as smoke.
27.
28. Dangers of Smoke
• Smoke inhalation is the primary cause of death in victims of indoor
fires
• Nearly 75% of home fire victims die because of the effects of the smoke
rather than the fire.
• Another danger is that smoke contains flammable compounds
• With increased oxygen, these can ignite either through open flames or by
their own temperature. This leads to a backdraught or flashover effect.
• Smoke also obscures visibility
• Many deaths occur because people (including firefighters) become
disorientated in smoke and can’t find their way out of a building.
31. Fire Extinguishers
• Work on the principle of removing/reducing one of the fire elements
• Reducing the temperature
• Cutting off oxygen
• Neutralizing the fuel
• For different classes of fires, there are different types of fire
extinguishers
40. Respect Electricity
• Electricity is the scariest and most dangerous hazard within the
home, moving at record defying speeds, not making a sound, and
completely odorless.
• Overlooking basic electrical safety practices can lead to
accidents, injuries, fires, and even deaths.
43. Electrical Safety Tips
• Maintain proper pest control to avoid rodent damage to electric
wiring and equipment
• Ensure that your electrical appliance is first switched off, before
unplugging it from the mains.
• When connecting or disconnecting the electrical appliance, hold the
plug instead of the cord to prevent damage to the cord, which could
expose you to live wires
• Do not Use a plug with cracks or signs of overheating (e.g.
discoloration or charring)
• NEVER put out electrical fires with WATER
44. Electrical shock consequences
• Typical symptoms include
• Unconsciousness
• Difficulties in breathing or no breathing at all
• A weak, erratic pulse or no pulse at all
• Burns, particularly entrance and exit burns (where the electricity entered and
left the body)
• Sudden onset of cardiac arrest.
45. What to do when someone gets electrical
shock
• If a person is not able to remove himself/herself from the electrical
source, NEVER touch that person directly. Human body is good
conductor of electricity and electricity will flow through the body of
2nd person
• Firstly attempt to turn off the source of the electricity (disconnect) –
switch off, manually set off circuit breaker or mains, etc.
• If the electrical source can not readily and safely be turned off, use a
non-conducting object, such as a fibre glass object or a wooden
pole, to remove the person from the electrical source
Data obtained from Rescue 1122. Region: Punjab, Pakistan
Back draught: An explosive surge in a fire produced by the sudden mixing of air with other combustible gases.Flash Over: The near simultaneous ignition of all combustible material in an enclosed area.
To avoid the risk of overheating and possibly fire, you should never plug into an extension lead or socket appliances that together use more than 13 amps or 3000 watts of energy.