2. Consumer protection act
INTRODUCTION:
Consumer protection act was enacted by
Parliament in December 1986 and came into
force on 1 September 1987.
The aim of act is to provide a simple, speedy
and inexpensive remedies for consumer
allegation relating to defective goods, deficient
services and unfair trade practices.
3. The Consumer Protection Act of India is also quite
specific about what a complaint is, under the law‘s
definition. First and foremost, the complaint must
be made in writing and should concern an unfair
action by a business or individual acting in a
commercial setting. Defects in goods or
unsatisfactory service can be the subject of written
complaints, as can excessively high charges for
goods or services. Consumers are not charged a
fee for filing such complaints. Decisions may
involve complete removal of any defect in a
product and replacement of the product.
4. CONSUMER PROTECTION
COUNCILS & PATIENTS BILL’S
OF RIGHT
1. CONSUMER PROTECTION COUNCILS:-
There are two levels namely
1) Central protection councils
2) State protection councils
5. 1.Central consumer protection
council
The objectives of this council shall be to
promote and protect the rights of consumer
such as
The right to be protected against the
marketing of goods and services which are
hazardous to life and property.
The right to be informed about the quality,
quantity, potency , purity, standard and price
of goods and services, as the case may be
so as to protect the consumer against unfair
trade practices.
6. The right to be assured, wherever possible,
access to variety of goods and services at
competitive prices
The right to be heard and to be assured that
the consumers interest will receive due
consideration at appropriate forums
The right to seek redressed against unfair
trade practices.
7. 2. State consumer protection
councils
The state council shall consists of following
members
The minister in charge of consumer affairs in the
state Government, who shall be its Chairman and
Such number of other official or non official
members representing such interest as may be
prescribed by state Government
The State Council shall meet as and when
necessary, but not less than two meetings shall be
held every year
The objective of every state council shall be to
8. DEFINITIONS
CONSUMER
Consumer means any person who hires any
services for a consideration, and includes any
beneficiary of such services when such services
are availed of with the approval facility of a
government.
For example.
In case of hospital, If the conduct of the hospital
doctor amounts to criminal negligence towards the
patient , the patient can cause to prosecute the
doctor in criminal court.
9. COMPLAINT
It means any allegation in writing made by a
complainant that
The goods bought by him or agreed to be
bought by him suffer from one or more defects
An unfair trade practice or restrictive practice
has been adopted by any trade
DEFECT : Means any fault , imperfection or short
comings in the quality, potency, purity or
standard which is required to be maintained by
or under any contract or as is claimed by the
trader in any manner whatsoever in relation to
goods.
10. DEFECIENCY : Deficiency is any fault,
imperfection, shortcoming or inadequacy in the
quality, nature and manner of performance in
pursuance of a contract or otherwise in relation to
the service
SERVICE : Service means service of any
description but excludes free service and personal
service. Treatment in a hospital on payment
amounts to hiring of service for a consideration.
Therefore, a complaint would lie if there is
deficiency in service rendered by a member of the
medical profession
11. TIME LIMITATION : A claim for compensation
under CPA must be filed at a Forum within
three months of the subject matter of the
complaint having arisen If an amendment to
the act, presently under consideration of the
government is passed, this period is likely to
be raised to one year At the district forum, a
case has to be heard within three months of
being filed
12. 2. PATIENT’S BILL OF RIGHTS
The health care rights of patients have been the
subject of much public debate and legislative
action in the later half of the 20th century. The
fundamental right to quality medical care and
compensation for medical malpractice, the right
to informed consent, and the right to health care
privacy, are all protected under United States
law.
The legislative controls of nursing practice
primarily protect the rights of the patients.
13. In 1973, however, the American Hospital
association published its first patient bill of rights.
The patient has the right to considerate and
respectful care
The patient has the right to and is encouraged
to obtain from physicians and their direct care
givers relevant, current, and understandable
information concerning diagnosis, treatment and
prognosis
14. The patient has the right to make decisions
about the plan of care prior to and during the
course of treatment and to refuse a
recommended treatment or plan of care to the
extent permitted by law and hospital policy and
to be informed of the medical consequences of
this action.
15. The patient has the right to every
consideration of privacy. Case discussion,
consultation, examination, and treatment
should be conducted so as to protect each
patient’s privacy
The patient has the right to expect that all
communications and records pertaining to
his/her care will be treated as confidential by
the hospital, except in cases such as
suspected abuse and public health hazards
when reporting is permitted or required by law.
16. The patient has the right to consent to or
decline to participate in proposed research
studies or human experimentation affecting
care and treatment or requiring direct patient
involvement, and to have those studies fully
explained prior to consent.
17. RIGHTS OF CHILDREN:-
Human right which are essential to total personal
development, belong to every one –children and adults
,men and women ,well and ill persons, and individual of
all races.
CHILD ABUSE
The child abusing practices have been a part of human
society since its Inception. Child abuse happens in all
cultural, ethnic & incoming group.
These days child abuse is recognized as a social issue
& many attempts are made to prevent it both nationally
& internationally.
18. DEFINITION-
# Child abuse is any lack of interaction between
a child & his/her parents or other caregivers
which results in the non –accidental harm to a
child’s physical & developmental stage.
19. # The child abuse prevention & treatment act
defines child abuse as” at a minimum , any
recent act or failure to act on a part of parent
or caregiver which results in death, serious
physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or
exploitation or an act or failure to act which
presents risk of serious harm.”
20. TYPES-
1. SOCIETAL ABUSE:-it comprises those forms
of abuse which originate in society by virtue of
culture& values.
a) Infanticide
b) child marriage
c) child prostitution
d) child baggary
e) child labour
21. 2. PHYSICAL MALTREATMENT
a) physical abuse
b) physical neglect
3) NON- PHYSICAL MALTREATMENT
a) emotional abuse
b) verbal abuse
c) educational neglect
22. 4) SEXUAL ABUSE :- It is the use ,
persuasion of any child to engage in sexually
explicit conduct for producing any visual
depiction of such conduct, rape, prostitution
with children.
23. CAUSES-
1) PARENTAL CAUSES includes background of
emotional deprivation,
Unwed pregnancy
Isolation & lack of support
2) CHILD PROBLEMS :- handicapped child
Weak bond between mother and child
Low birth weight infants
Premature infants
24. 3) ECOLOGICAL CAUSES
Poverty , Overcrowding
Problems in marriage
Abuse of substances (drugs , alcohol)
Frustrations due to socioeconomic conditions
25. MANAGEMENT BY GOVT.
The Indian constitution contains several provisions for
protection, development & welfare of children.
1) THE CHILDREN ACT amended in 1977 in India
provided for care maintenance, welfare, training ,
education& rehabilitation of delinquent child.
2) THE CHILD LABOUR PROTECTION ACT was enacted
in 1986. It protects the employment of children in any
factory, mine or other hazardous occupation.
3) NATIONAL POLICY ON EDUCATION 1986 emphasized
universal enrolment & universal retention of children at
elementary school stage.
26. 4) CRECHE services to children of poor
working women in unorganized sector were
expanded.
5) ADOPTION SERVICES were promoted.
6) THE JUVENILE JUSTICE ACT was enacted in
1986, act to deal effectively with the problems of
neglected & juvenile delinquents.
7) There are also certain organizations like UNICEF
which specializes in treating such problems.
27. The Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act,
1986 defines a child as a person who has not
completed 15 years of age. This act prohibits
employment of child except helping own family in
non-hazardous occupations.
2011 census of India found- 10 million child laborers
aged 5-14 years. And the total population of this age
group is 259.64 million.
28. The Factories Act, 1948 Labor Act 1951 states
that a child is one that has not completed 15 years
of age and an adolescent is one who has
completed 18 years of age but has not completed
eighteen years of age. According to the Factories
Act adolescents are allowed to work in factories
(non- hazardous industries) as long as they are
deemed medically fit but may not for more than
four and half hours a day.
The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 states
that a male has not reached majority until he is
twenty-one years of age and a female has not
reached majority until she is eighteen years of
age.
29. PRIMARY LEVEL PREVENTION
Creating general awareness among people through
mass media.
Educate regarding causes & prevention
Encourage family support system, interpersonal
communication,
Teach family regarding ways of discipline the children.
Developing self care ability of family to take care of their
sick & disabled child.
Provide support services like day care facilities.
Special care to hysterical & emotionally -ill mothers.
Improve general health status & socioeconomic status of
family.
Training of health & social welfare personal to recognize
30. SECONDARY & TERTIARY
LEVEL OF PREVENTION-
Recognition of child abuse cases, reporting to
authorities & diagnosis by doctor.
Establishing rapport & investigating the associated
factors.
Providing specific care acc. To kind of trauma, good
physical care, & love to abused child.
Encouraging parents to participate in care of their
children.
Individual counseling & psychotherapy of parents &
children to deal with specific psychosocial & physical
problems.
Group therapy in the form of self help groups like the
“parents anonymous group.”
31. RIGHTS OF WOMEN
Constitutional Privileges
Equality before law for women (Article 14)
The State not to discriminate against any
citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste,
sex, place of birth or any of them (Article 15
(i))
The State to make any special provision in
favour of women and children (Article 15 (3))
Equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters
relating to employment or appointment to any
office under the State (Article 16)
32. The State to direct its policy towards securing for men
and women equally the right to an adequate means of
livelihood (Article 39(a)); and equal pay for equal work
for both men and women (Article 39(d))
To promote justice, on a basis of equal opportunity
and to provide free legal aid by suitable legislation or
scheme or in any other way to ensure that
opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any
citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities
(Article 39 A)
The State to make provision for securing just and
humane conditions of work and for maternity relief
(Article 42)
33. LEGAL PROVISIONS
To uphold the Constitutional mandate, the
State has enacted various legislative
measures intended to ensure equal rights, to
counter social discrimination and various
forms of violence and to provide support
services especially to working women.
34. The Crimes Identified Under the Indian Penal Code
(IPC)
Rape (Sec. 376 IPC) :- SEXUAL ABUSE : Any
unwelcome or forced sexual activity e.g. any
unwanted sexual contact, forces her to have sex,
forces sex when she is sick, after child birth and
surgery and treats her as a sex object.
Kidnapping & Abduction for different purposes (
Sec. 363-373)
Homicide for Dowry, Dowry Deaths or their
attempts (Sec. 302/304-B IPC) :- DOWRY
RELATED VIOLENCE: It is actually rising even India
has legally abolished it. An average 5 women a day
are burnt and many cases go unreported
35. Torture, both mental and physical (Sec.
498-A IPC) :-
1. PHYSICAL ABUSE : Any
unnecessary/unwanted physical contact
caused by another person resulting in bodily
harm, discomfort or injury e.g. slap, kicks,
restraints, restricts food, biting, pinching,
breaking bones and using weapons.
36. 2 PSYCHOLOGICAL/EMOTIONAL ABUSE
Any act that provokes fear, diminishes
the individual dignity intentionally inflicts
psychological trauma on another person .E.g.
degradation, treatment as though a child,
threat, insults.
3. VERBAL ABUSE
The use of negative comments that
are unwelcome, embarrassing, offensive,
threatening or harm a women.
37. 4. SEXUAL HARASSMENT (Sec. 509 IPC) :-
SEXUAL ABUSE OF CHILDREN AND
ADOLSCENTS : By father, stepfather,
grandfather, brother, uncle and other male
relationships.
FORCED PROSTITUTION : It is a
commercial exploitation by parents or male
partners.
38. NURSING ROLE:-
Community nurse should be trained to give
local people information on the law and law
enforcement, available financial and other
support offered by the state, the procedure for
obtaining such assistance for victim.
Community nurse can raise the awareness
about such issues, can identified violence and
can provide counseling.
39. Nurse should Creating general awareness
among people through mass media regarding
women’s rights.
Nurse’s help Within Civil Society- Professional
groups, women’s and men’s groups, NGO’s,
the private sector, the media.
At State level- She should work with the
criminal justice system, legislative bodies and
the educational sectors
40. RIGHTS OF HIV/AIDS
PATIENT
Right to Informed Consent
The implications of HIV are very different from
most other illnesses. Testing for HIV requires
specific and informed consent of the person
being tested and any research on data of HIV
positive people.
Right to Confidentiality
A person has the right to keep information on
HIV status confidential.
41. Right against Discrimination The right to
equal treatment is a fundamental right. The
law provides that a person may not be
discriminated against on any grounds of sex,
religion, caste, creed, descent or place of birth
etc. either socially or professionally by a
government-run or government controlled
institution. The right to public health is also
fundamental right. HIV positive persons
seeking medical treatment or admission to a
hospital cannot be rejected.
42. Right to Liberty and Security of Person
The right to liberty and security of person has
been recognized in Article 3 of the Universal
Declaration on Human Rights and Article 9 of
the International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights. Everyone has the right to liberty and
security of person. No one shall be subjected to
arbitrary arrest or detention. No one shall be
deprived of his liberty except on such grounds
and in accordance with such procedures as are
established by law.
43. Right to Privacy
The Universal Declaration on Human Rights
(Article 12) which stipulates that all the
people, including HIV/AIDS infected
people shall be protected: Against
interference with the health privacy.
44. Right to Marry and to Found a Family.
This right is provided in Article 16 of the
Universal Declaration on Human Rights
stipulates that: ‘The right of men and women of
marriageable age to marry and found a family
shall be recognized’. Everyone is entitled to
this right, including people living with
HIV/AIDS.
45. Right to education
Right to work
Freedom of Expression and Information
This includes the right to receive and impart
educational materials and information related to
HIV/AIDS transmission risks and prevention
measures among groups. The mass media has
the responsibility to respect human rights and
dignity, specifically the right to privacy. The mass
media should use appropriate language when
reporting on HIV/AIDS, avoiding stereotyping and
stigmatization.
46. Freedom of Assembly and Association
The freedom of assembly and association is to
ensure that people living with HIV/AIDS can
express their needs and wishes and enable them
to take part in the formation of HIV/AIDS related
policies and laws and to help one another.
Right to Participate in State and Society
Management and Cultural Life
In general, people living with HIV/AIDS are entitled
to their democratic right to participation in the
conduct of state affairs without discrimination.
47. Right to Employment
No employer may require an employee or an
applicant for employment to undertake an HIV
test as a pre-requisite for employment. No
person should be subjected to HIV status-
related discrimination in the workplace of any
kind, including, specifically, access to
employment opportunities, promotion,
employee benefits, etc. Testing of an
employee to determine that employee’s HIV
status is prohibited.
48. LEGAL PROVISIONS IN INDIAN MEDICAL COUNCIL
ACT, 1956 (Professional Conduct, & Ethics)
Regulations, 2002)
The Medical Council of India lays down certain duties
that have to be observed by the doctors towards the
HIV/AIDS patients. These are enumerated below:
Duty to take care and to take informed consent from
the patient.
Disclosure of information & risks to the patient
Provide information of options available & benefits
To admit patient in emergency without consent
The physician should not abandon his duty for fear of
contracting the disease himself.
49. LEGAL PROVISIONS IN IMMORAL TRAFFICKING
PREVENTION ACT, 1986
Immoral Trafficking Prevention Act, 1986 deals
with sex work in India. The Act provides for
conducting compulsory medical examination for
detection of HIV/AIDS. It also made provisions
for compulsory testing.
50. HIV/AIDS Bill, 2007
HIV/AIDS Bill is a joint initiative of the
government and civil society. The Bill
specifically prohibits discrimination of
HIV/AIDS patients in public as well in private
spheres. The Bill prohibits discrimination of a
HIV/AIDS patient in matters of employment,
education, healthcare, travel, insurance,
residence and property, etc. based on their
HIV status. It takes within its ambit all acts
and omissions whether actual or perceived
which are discriminatory on the basis of HIV
status
51. NURSING ROLE:-
People with HIV and AIDS have the right to
confidentiality and privacy about their health and HIV
status.
Information about a person’s HIV status may not be
disclosed to anybody without that person’s fully
informed consent.
After death, the HIV status of the deceased person
may not be disclosed to anybody without the
consent of his or her family or partner – except when
required by law.
People with HIV/AIDS have the same rights to
housing, food, social security, medical assistance
and welfare as all other members of our society.
52. Medical schemes may not discriminate against
any person on the basis of his or her state of
health.
A parent or guardian of a child below the age
of consent to medical treatment may give
consent to HIV testing of the child.
Informed consent (the person has been made
aware of and understands the implications of
the test), is compulsory before HIV testing may
be carried out.
53. The person should be free to make his or her
own decision about whether to be tested or
not, and may in no way be forced into being
tested.
Pre-test counseling should occur before an
HIV test is undertaken.
Post-test HIV counseling should take place
when the person is about to receive their
results.
54. Rights of Handicap
HANDICAP-
It is defined as a disadvantage for a given
individual resulting from the impairment or
disability that limits or prevents fulfilment of
a role that is normal for that individual .
55. IMPAIRMENT-
ACCORDING TO WHO-It is defined as any loss
or any abnormality of physiological ,
psycological and anatomical structure and
function .
IMPAIRMENT ARE DISTURBANCES AT LEVEL OF
ORGANS AND INCLUDE DEFECTS LOSS OF LIMB
ORGANS OR BODY STRUCTURE AND DEFECTS OR
LOSS OF MENTAL FUNCTION…
56. DISABILITY
It is defined as any restriction or lack of ability
to perform an activity in a manner or within the
range considered normal for a human being..
The term disability reflects consequences of
impairment in terms of functional performances
and activity of individual..
57. CONCEPT OF DISABILITY
ACC. TO WHO-THE SEQUENCE OF
EVENTS LEADING TO DISABILITY AND
HANDICAP CONDITION AS FOLLOWS :
INJURY OR DISEASE
IMPAIRMENT
DISABILITY
HANDICAP
58. RIGHTS OF HANDICAP
PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES (equal
opportunities, full participation &
protection of rights) ACT 1995
Goals of the PWD Act, 1995
To integrate person with disabilities and
provide them with opportunities for full
participation in society
To create a society in which disabled persons
would enjoy status on par with non-disabled
person
59. Beneficiaries of the disabilities Act
Blindness
Low-vision
Leprosy-cured
Hearing Impairment
Loco motor disability, or any form of Cerebral
Palsy
Mental Retardation
Mental Illness
60. Employment of disabled persons
3% reservation in identified government jobs.
1% each for:
persons with blindness or low vision
(ii) persons with hearing impairment and
persons with loco motor disability or Cerebral
Palsy.
61. Duties on the government’s part to provide
and promote education among disabled
persons
Ensure free education till the age of 18 years
Promote integration
Setting up special schools
Transport facilities
Removal of architectural barriers
62. Supply of books, uniforms etc.
Grant of scholarships
Setting up of appropriate forums
Suitable modification in the examination
systems
Restructuring of curriculum
Make provisions for non-formal education
63. The National Trust for Welfare of Persons with
Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation
and Multiple Disabilities Act, 1999
"Trust”: the National Trust for Welfare of Persons
with Autism, Cerebral Palsy Mental Retardation
and Multiple Disability constituted under sub
section (1) of section3.
Functions
General superintendence,
Direction and
Management of the affairs and business of the
64. Objectives
Enable and empower to live independently within
and as close to the community to which they
belong;
Strengthen facilities and provide support to live
within their own families;
Extend support to registered organization to
provide need based services during the period of
crises in the family
Deal problems of persons with disability who do
not have family support;
65. Promote measures for the care and protection
in the event of death of their parent or
guardian;
evolve procedure for the appointment of
guardians and trustees requiring such
protection;
facilitate the realization of equal opportunities,
protection of right and full participation of
persons with disability;
66. RPWD (Rights of Person with disabilities) ACT
2011
The act proclaimed in 1995 ,renewed in
2011,changed its name from Person with
disabilities act to Rights of Person with
disabilities act.
It is an important landmark and is a significant
step in the direction of ensuring equal
opportunities for person with disabilities and
their full participation in the nation building.
67. Goals of Act are,
To integrate person with disabilities and provide them
with opportunities for full participation in society.
To create a society in which disabled persons would
enjoy status on par with non-disabled person.
Other Acts Which Can Contribute To the Appraisal Of
Disabled
Right to information act (2005)
Right to education act (2010)
Provides educational opportunity in a normal school
settings
Provides special attention for leaning if it is necessary
68. NURSING ROLE:-
Ensure to provide reasonable accommodation
of the individual’s requirements,
provide necessary support – individualized
and otherwise - in environments that maximize
academic and social development, consistent
with the goal of full inclusion,
ensure that education to persons who are
blind, deaf or dumb is delivered in the most
appropriate languages and modes and means
of communication for the individual,
69. specific learning disabilities in children are
detected at the earliest, and suitable pedagogical
and other measures are taken to enable the
children to overcome them, and
monitor participation, progress in terms of
attainment levels, and completion of education, in
respect of every student with disability.
Appropriate governments and local authorities
shall ensure participation of persons with
disabilities in adult education and continuing
education programmes on an equal basis with
others.
70. RIGHTS OF AGED PERSON
i . Older Persons should have the opportunity to
work and determine when to leave the work
force.
ii . Older Persons should remain integrated in
society and participate actively in the
formulation of policies affecting their well-being.
iii . Older Persons should have access to health
care to help them maintain the optimum level of
physical , mental and emotional well-being.
71. Iv . Older Persons should be able to
pursue opportunities for full development
of their potential and have access to
educational, cultural, spiritual and
recreational resources of society.
V .Older Persons should be able to live in
dignity and security and should be free
from exploitation and mental and physical
abuse.
72. Governmental Protections:
1. The Government of India approved the National
Policy for Older Persons on January 13, 1999 in
order to accelerate welfare measures and
empowering the Old age in ways beneficial for
them. This policy included the following major
steps:
Setting up of a pension fund for ensuring security
for those persons who have been serving in the
unorganized sector,
Construction of old age homes and day care
centers for every 3-4 districts,
73. Establishment of resource centers and re-
employment bureaus for people above 60
years,
Concessional rail/air fares for travel within and
between cities, i.e., 30% discount in train and
50% in Indian Airlines
Enacting legislation for ensuring compulsory
geriatric care in all the public hospitals.
74. 2. The Government of India approved the
National Policy for Older Persons on January
13, 1999 in order to accelerate welfare
measures and empowering the Old age in
ways beneficial for them. This policy included
the following major steps:
i. Setting up of a pension fund for ensuring
security for those persons who have been
serving in the unorganized sector,
ii. Construction of old age homes and day care
centers for every 3-4 districts,
75. iii. Establishment of resource centers and re-
employment bureaus for people above 60
years,
iv. Concessional rail/air fares for travel within
and between cities, i.e.,30% discount in train
and 50% in Indian Airlines.
v. Enacting legislation for ensuring compulsory
geriatric care in all the public hospitals.
76. 3. The Ministry of Justice and Empowerment
has announced regarding the setting up of a
National Council for Older Person, called
AGEWELL Foundation. It will seek opinion of
aged on measures to make life easier for
them.
77. Apart from the above Government of India
has earmarked special benefits and
concessions for Old age person of India.
HEALTH CARE
a. There is provision for separate queues for
senior citizens at hospitals and health care
centers when they visit for any health related
concerns or clinical examinations.
b. The Delhi Government runs special clinics for
Senior Citizens in most of its hospitals in Delhi.
78. Banking and Insurance :
Government also gives a higher rate of interest to
senior citizens on certain Savings schemes which
it runs through its large network of Post Offices
(Senior Citizens Savings Scheme) and Public
sector Banks. For further details you are advised
to contact your nearest Bank or local Post Office.
Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) has also
been providing several scheme for the benefit of
aged persons, i.e., Jeevan Dhara Yojana, Jeevan
Akshay Yojana, Senior Citizen Unit Yojana,
Medical Insurance Yojana.
79. Telecommunications
A .Department of Telecommunications has
made special provisions for senior citizens
who apply for a new telephone connection.
The department has earmarked separate
priority category for senior citizens wherein
they can apply for registration.
B .In case of any complaint or fault with the
telephone a senior citizen‘s complaint is
redressed on a priority basis.
80. Travel by Indian Railways
Travel by Indian Railways is 30% cheaper for all
Senior Citizens who are 60 years in age or
above.
Indian Railways provides this fare concession to
elders in all its trains including Shatabdi ,
Rajdhani and Jan Shatabdi trains. Kindly note
that while travelling all Senior Citizens needs to
carry proof of their Date of Birth/ Age with a
Photo ID Card.
81. There are separate Counters/Queues for
Senior Citizens at all Railway Stations for
purchase, booking or cancellation of
tickets.
Indian Railways have recently introduced
specially designed coaches which have
provisions for hand rails and specially
designed toilets for handicapped persons.
These coaches also have space for wheel
chairs.
82. Travel by Airlines:
Senior Citizens are entitled to 50% discount on
Economy Class fares on all flights of Indian Airlines
subject to certain conditions.
Travel by Roadways (state transport):
State Road Transport Undertakings have made
provision for senior citizens for reservation of 2 seats
in the front row of all buses.
Some state governments also give concessions (in
fare) to senior citizens, while some also have specially
modelled buses for the elderlies.
83. NURSING ROLE:-
The main objective is to improve the quality of life .
Nurse fulfill the role of caregiver, health educator,
coordinator of health services, counselor,
guardian. So she has to perform different
functions.
Health Assessment –It includes assessment of
physical, mental, social and economic resources.
The following should be included:-
1. Daily activities of living.
2. Activities related to use of equipments or
procedures.
3. Health screening.
4. Laboratory tests.
84. Arranging/ promoting good nutrition- Less
financial resources, changes in taste,
disinterest in food, loss of appetite, non-
availability of food stuff, inability to eat, affect
nutrition of old people. So, nutritional
assessment should be done and protected
from malnutrition.
Promoting activity and exercise-
85. Preventive care of elderly- Their physical and
mental safety is important. So safety measures
includes:-
Protection from unhealthy environment.
Protection from physical and mental injuries.
Provide rehabilitation services.
Providing psychological support
86. AWARE ABOUT AGENCIES RELATED TO OLD
AGE:-
1. HELP AGE INDIA:-It was established in 1978 on
pattern on HELP THE AGED SOCIETY OF
ENGLAND. It is for care of old people. It creates
awareness among young generation about need
of aged in society and sponsored events like
competition, debates and painting etc . Services
of NSS volunteers are utilized for such events and
collection of funds to provide facilities for elderly.
87. 2.AGE CARE INDIA (ACI):-Established in
1980 with the aim and objective of helping and
serving aged persons above 50 years. Helps
through residential , recreational, institutional
services , arrange for medical services,
employment , organize tours and trips ,arrange
for economic and financial requirements and
study problems of aged .
88. 3. OLD AGE HOMES:- The central /state
government , municipal bodies , voluntary
organizations and senior Citizens welfare
associations have set up homes for elderly
citizens to provide them residential facilities ,
creativity to combat loneliness and have
contacts and integration with other people .
89. References:
Basavanthappa BT,2nd ed.ansari road New
Delhi.Jaypee brothers;2004
Vati jogindra,Principles and Practice of Nursing
Management & Administration.1st ed.Jaypee
srothers;2013.
http://www.childlineindia.org.in/Persons-with-
Disabilities-Act-1995.htm
http://www.childlineindia.org.in/children-with-
disabilities.htm
http://www.nacoonline.org/Quick_Links/Know_Your_Ri
ghts/
http://www.un.org/disabilities/convention/conventionful
l.shtml
