The document describes the structure and function of the respiratory system. It discusses the conducting and respiratory zones, which include the nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar sacs and alveoli. The conducting zone conditions and filters air before it reaches the respiratory zone, where gaseous exchange occurs between the alveoli and capillaries through thin epithelial membranes. Cilia and mucus in the conducting zone help trap particles and protect the lungs.
21. CONDUCTING PART
PRINCIPAL BRONCHI
RIGHT & LEFT
LOBAR OR SECONDRY BRONCHI
3 RIGHT, 2 LEFT
SEGMENTAL OR TERTIARY BRONCHI
BRONCHPULMONARY SEGMENT
BRONCHIOLES--- TERMINAL BRONCHIOLES
PULMONARY LOBULES
24. BRONCHI
EXTRA PULMONARY BRONCHI STRUCTURE SIMILAR
TO TRACHEA
INTRAPULMONARY BRONCHI 5 LAYERS
< DIAMETER
MUCOSA
EPITHELIUM < height of cells, < thickness of basement membrane
LAMINA PROPRIA reduced rich in elastic fibers
MUSCULARIS
SUBMUCOSA
CARTILAGE PLATES
ADVENTITIA
25.
26. BRONCHIOLES
Conducting part
< 5mm, no cartilage or glands pulmonary lobule
Epithelium simple ciliated columnar < goblet cells,
Thick layer of smooth muscle
Submucosa no glands
No cartilage
Terminal bronchioles pulmonary acinus, simple
cuboidal epithelium, clara cells
27. CLARA CELLS
NONCILIATED CELLS WITH A
ROUNDED UPPER PART CONTAINING
SECRETORY GRANULES
SURFACE ACTIVE AGENT –luminal
adhesion
CCI6 ---pulmonary marker
28. RESPIRATORY BRONCIOLES
TRANSITIONAL ZONE
CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
INITIALLY ciliated, granule & brush
LATER CLARA CELLS
SCATTERED ALVEOLI
31. ALVEOLAR SACS
CLUSTER OF ALVEOLI
SHARING A COMMON OPENING
32. PULMONARY ALVEOLI
Thin epithelium resting on a basal lamina
Type I 95% SIMPLE Sq. occluding junctions
TYPE II 5% CUBOIDAL SURFACTANT
ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES
TAR BODIES, HEART FAILURE CELLS