Principles & Practice of Management, Meaning, Concept, Features

1. Principles and Practice of
Management
Part - 1
Meaning, Concept, Features of Management
By:
Smt.UMA MINAJIGI REUR
HEAD, DEPT. OF COMMERCE & Management
Smt. V G Degree College for Women, Kalaburagi

2. INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT
 M
 A
 N
 A
 G
 E
 M
 E
 N
 T
--- The Manager
--- The Knowledge
--- The People
--- Technology/Techniques/Tactics

3. A business develops in course of time with complexities. Management is not only
essential to business concerns but also essential to Banks, business concerns but
also essential to Banks, Schools, Colleges, Hospitals, Hotels, Religious bodies etc.
Every business unit has objectives of its won. These objectives can be achieved
with the co-operative efforts of several personnel. As E. Demock has rightly said
“the management is not a matter of pressing a button, pulling a lever, issuing
orders, scanning P & L statement, promulgating rules and regulations. Rather it is
the power to determine what shall happen to the personalities and happiness of
entire people, the power to shape the destiny of a nation and of all the nations
which make up the world”

4. Meaning of Management:
Management is the art of getting things done by a group of
people with the effective utilization of available resources.
There are various definitions given by various management
gurus but simply management is the process consisting of
the functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing and
controlling the operations to achieve specified objectives

5. Meaning of Management:
 “ Management is the process of designing & maintaining an environment
in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish
selected aims.”
 As managers, people carry out the managerial functions of planning,
organizing, staffing, leading, & controlling.
 Management applies to any kind of organization.
 It applies to managers at all organizational levels.
 The aim of all managers is the same: to create a surplus.
 Managing is concerned with productivity, this implies effectiveness &
efficiency.

8. DEFINITIONS:
 “Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally
organized groups” --- Koontz
 “Management is the art of getting things done through and with people”
--- Mary Parker
 “Management is the art of knowing what you want to do and then seeing that it is
done in the best and cheapest way” --- F.W. Taylor
 “Management is the accomplishment of results through the efforts of other
people” --- Lawrence
 “Management is to manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to
coordinate and control”. --- Henry Fayol (1916)

9. Concept of Management
Management as a Discipline
Management as a Group of People
Management as a Process

10. Management as a Discipline
 Discipline refers to a field of study having well-defined concepts and principles.
 Management as a discipline refers to that branch of knowledge which is connected
to study of principles & practices of basic administration. It specifies certain code of
conduct to be followed by the manager & also various methods for managing
resources efficiently.
 Management as a discipline specifies certain code of conduct for managers &
indicates various methods of managing an enterprise.
 Management is treated as an art or science, the two basic and broad disciplines.

11. Management as a Group of People
A team is not made only of individuals.
A team is made of a common goal and a common ideal.
A common cause, and a motivating force is the spirit of the team.

12. Management as a Group of People
 Management as a group of people refers to all those personnel who perform managerial functions
in organisations.
 Management as a group refers to all those persons who perform the task of managing an
enterprise. When we say that management of ABC & Co. is good, we are referring to a group of
people those who are managing. Thus as a group technically speaking, management will include all
managers from chief executive to the first - line managers (lower-level managers). But in common
practice management includes only top management i.e. Chief Executive, Chairman, General
Manager, Board of Directors etc. In other words, those who are concerned with making important
decisions, these persons enjoy the authorities to use resources to accomplish organizational
objectives & also responsibility to for their efficient utilization.

13. Management as a Group of People
Contd ------
Management as a group may be looked upon in 2 different ways:
1. All managers taken together.
2. Only the top management
The interpretation depends upon the context in which these terms are used. Broadly speaking, there
are 3 types of managers -
1. Patrimonial / Family Manager: Those who have become managers by virtue of their being owners
or relatives of the owners of company.
2. Professional Managers: Those who have been appointed on account of their specialized
knowledge and degree.
3. Political Managers / Civil Servants: Those who manage public sector undertakings.
Managers have become a part of elite group of society as they enjoy higher standard of living in the
society.

14. Management as a Process
A process can be defined as a systematic method of handling activities.
The Management process can be treated as a complex one which can be referred to
as an identifiable flow of information through interrelated stages of analysis directed
towards the achievement of an objective or set of objectives. It a dynamic concept.
As a process, management refers to a series of inter-related functions. It is the
process by which management creates, operates and directs purposive organization
through systematic, coordinated and co-operated human efforts, according to George
R. Terry, “Management is a distinct process consisting of planning, organizing,
actuating and controlling, performed to determine and accomplish stated objective by
the use of human beings and other resources”.

15. Management as a Process
Contd ---
As a process, management consists of three aspects:
1.Management is a social process - Since human factor is most important
among the other factors, therefore management is concerned with developing
relationship among people. It is the duty of management to make interaction
between people - productive and useful for obtaining organizational goals.
2.Management is an integrating process - Management undertakes the job of
bringing together human physical and financial resources so as to achieve
organizational purpose. Therefore, is an important function to bring harmony
between various factors.
3.Management is a continuous process - It is a never ending process. It is
concerned with constantly identifying the problem and solving them by taking
adequate steps. It is an on-going process.

16. Features of Management
1. Organised Activities
2. Existence of Objectives
3. Relationship among Resources
4. Working with and through people
5. Decision Making

17. 1. Organised Activities
 Management is a process of Organised activities.
 Management exists wherever a group of people are working towards a common
objective.
 A group of people cannot perform, without organised activities.
 The organised activities any take a variety of forms ranging from a tightly- structured
organisation (Tata Iron & Steel Co.) to very loosely knit organisation (local social
club).
 All organisations have one thing in common; they want to progress efficiently towards
the achievement of their objectives, through the coordinated efforts of people.
 Each individual’s personal objectives contribute to the overall objectives of the
group. Management becomes the means by which random action is controlled.

18. 2. Existence of Objectives
 All organisations are deliberate and purposive creation with some set of
objectives.
 The organisational objectives are the desired state of affairs which an
organisation attempts to realise.
 The realisation of objectives is sought through the coordinated efforts of
the people constituting an organisation.

19. 3. Relationship among Resources
 Resources include money, machine, materials and people.
 All the resources are made available to the manager.
 Manager has a organised activities to achieve a set of goals.
 Manager with his knowledge, experience, principles established relationships
among the available resources to achieve the desired results.
 Thus, the essence of management is integration of various organisational
resources.
 It is important for management to take care of integration of human resources,
as at operational level people use various physical and other resources.
 Thus, management is concerned with the proper utilisation of human resources
which in turn utilise other resources.

20. 4. Working with and through people
 Management involves working with people and getting organisational
objectives achieved through them.
 The superior – subordinate relationships are created because of
organised activities.
 The actual work is performed by people at operational level, the
lowest level in the organisation, through the assignment and
reassignment of activities.
 Thus, a sizeable proportion of management principles relates to how
human beings can be put for better efforts in the organisation.

21. 5. Decision Making
 Management process involves decision making at various levels for
getting things done by others.
 Decision making basically involves selecting the most appropriate
alternative out of several.
 The growth of organisation depends on the decision take by the
managers.
 The success or failure of managers can be judged by the quality of
decisions that they make.

22. That’s Not My Job:
This is a story about four people named Everybody,
Somebody, Anybody and Nobody.
There was an important job to be done and Everybody was
sure that Somebody would do it. Anybody could have done
it, but Nobody did it. Somebody got angry about that,
because it was Everybody’s job. Everybody thought
Anybody could do it, but Nobody realized that Everybody
wouldn’t do it. It ended up that Everybody blamed
Somebody when Nobody did what Anybody could have.

23. Thank you