1. Toward Congestion-Free Metropolis
~ Effective countermeasures
and their implementation ~
Kiichiro HATOYAMA
Senior Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
the University of Tokyo

2. Who am I?
Kiichiro HATOYAMA, Ph.D
- Professional Experience
2008-2011 Visiting Lecturer, Graduate School of
Business Administration, Moscow State University
2011- Senior Assistant Professor, Department of
Civil Engineering, the University of Tokyo
- Research Field:
- Transport Planning
- Urban Planning
- Environmental Psychology
- Research Achievement in Russia
Proposal to improve traffic congestion
problems in Moscow City

3. Essence of Transport Planning
 Each city has its individual characteristics.
 There is no universal measure that can
immediately applicable to any cities’ problem.
◦ climates, history, culture, law system, etc.
 We should arrange it considering each city’s
context.
 Experience, knowledge, insight and foresight
are essential to solve problems.
 Transport planning is similar to doctor’s
work.

6. Comparison - Moscow and Tokyo
City Moscow Tokyo
Area 1,081 km2 2,190 km2
Central area 622km2
Population 10,562,000 13,049,000
Central area 8,503,000
Car ownership 3,008,000 4,519,000
Road area ratio 8.3% 8.3%
Density of vehicle in Moscow is 1.5 times larger
than that in Tokyo.

7. Moscow City and Moscow Oblast

8. Road Network Concept of Tokyo
Metropolitan Area- “3 Rinds and 9 Radials”
In 2005 In the Future
Source: Ministry of Land, Transportation, Infrastructure and Tourism (MLIT)

10. Metro in Tokyo and Moscow
Index Tokyo Moscow
Number of lines 13 12
Number of stations(a) 285 182
Operating distance (km) (b) 304.1 301.2
Average number of passenger
8,650 6,650
(1,000 person a day)
Car ownership 3751 4512
Average distances between
1.12 1.77
stations*
* Calculated from (a) and (b)

11. What are the Problems in Moscow?
A) Problems in the Transport System
1. Inadequate infrastructure
2. Too-complicated signal phasing

12. What are the Problems in Moscow?
A) Problems in the Transport System
1. Inadequate infrastructure
2. Too-complicated signal phasing
3. Heavy use of weaving sections

13. What are the Problems in Moscow?
A) Problems in the Transport System
1. Inadequate infrastructure
2. Too-complicated signal phasing
3. Heavy use of weaving sections
4. Difficulty in left turning

14. What are the Problems in Moscow?
A) Problems in the Transport System
1. Inadequate infrastructure
2. Too-complicated signal phasing
3. Heavy use of weaving sections
4. Difficulty in left turning
5. Rapidly narrowing road width
100m
8 lanes
4 lanes
3 lanes

15. More Problems?
B) Problems on the Drivers’ Behavior
1. Surging into intersections
2. Cutting into line
3. Running into narrow streets
4. Parking on roads
C) Problems in Social System
1. Time-consuming registration process of
traffic accidents
2. Unexpected roadblocks
3. Disabled vehicles on roads

16. Short-Term Possible Measures 1
A) Traffic Regulation Improvement
1. To review signal phase design and split allocation
2. To change the policy of left turning
3. To reduce the road width gradually
B) Infrastructure Improvement
1. To make parking places
2. To equip left turn pocket
3. To improve weaving sections
4. To keep additional routes for emergencies

17. Short-Term Possible Measures 2
C) Control and User Education
1. To prohibit parking within 30m from intersections
2. To clarify places where parking is prohibited

19. Short-Term Possible Measures 2
C) Control and User Education
1. To prohibit parking within 30m from intersections
2. To clarify places where parking is prohibited
3. To establish a “Traffic Jam Reduction Team”
4. To provide information to drivers
5. To speed up the registration process of traffic
accidents
6. To practice a campaign of “Smart Drive”

20. Mottoes for Long-Term Measures
1. To share the future “vision” of this city among the
Administration and citizens
 Private vehicle vs. public transport?
 Convenience vs. environmental friendliness?
2. To think realistically and practically
 Planning must have responsibility to the future.
 It is NOT practically desirable to impose strict regulation
without any infrastructure construction.
3. To understand the merits and demerits of each
measure
 No “perfect” measure
 Performance management based on PDCA cycle

21. PDCA-cycle Management
 Plan
a change or a test, aimed at
Continuous Improvement
improvement
 Do
Carry out the change or test
(preferably on a small scale)
 Check
the results. What was learned?
What went wrong?
 Act
Adopt the change, abandon it,
Or run through the cycle again 21

22. Key points for Long-Term Measures 1
1. To conduct a comprehensive survey and
analysis
 To understand present situation and to
forecast future demand
 How do citizens move around in the city?
 Place, time and reason of traffic jam?
 How about traffic accidents?
 Person-trip survey* in Japan once in 10 years
 We should cooperate with the survey.
* Person-trip survey: A survey, asking detailed movement of each
person in one particular day to understand “when and what kind of
transportation is used by whom for what purpose”

24. Key points for Long-Term Measures 2
2. To clarify the position of public transport
 Many people already use metro, like Tokyo.
 Public transport (incl. trolley bus) should keep
a certain level of load factor.
 Why do less people use buses and trams?
 Is proposed interval of 5 min. sufficient?
 There are several ways of utilizing public
transport: Bas rapid transit, transit mall, etc.
 Application of “Bus location system”

25. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in Curitiba (Brazil)

26. Transit Mall in Strasbourg (France)

27. Real-time Information Provision
about Bus Locations
 Major reason of not-using public transport is “we
cannot know when it comes”
 if we can know it, the bus system may become
convenient and number of users
may be increase.
 “Bus Location System”
(Panasonic, NEC etc.)
◦ To equip GPS on each bus
◦ Location and waiting time for next
buses are shown at each bus stops,
on mobile phones, or through the
internet.

28. Key points for Long-Term Measures 3
3. To reallocate “origin” and “destination”
pattern
 Ring-and-radial road structure is not bad in itself.
 Grid road structure is basically car-oriented.
 It is convenient to make terminals for public
transport.
 Decentralizing the location of “origin (home)” and
“destination (work place)” may help us solve our
transport problem.
 It might be useful to relocate capital function to
suburb.

29. Key points for Long-Term Measures 4
4. To realize Intelligent Transport System (ITS)
 To manage each company’s self-motivated
product development will enable future system
integration.
 Utilizing GLONASS
 There has been “Real-time signal controlling
system” and other recent technologies in Japan.

30. Real-time Signal Controlling System
 There are technologies to control signals in
accordance with real traffic demand.
◦ Controlling by using vehicle detectors or pedestrian
detectors
◦ Controlling by using “Public transport priority system
(PTPS)”
Type of vehicle detectors installed in Japan

31. Usual Detailed
- High-density traffic
information by
collecting speed data
from many
vehicle(Nissan, etc.) Be careful!
Traffic jam
- Real-time ahead.
information of safe
driving assistance
- Crime prevention
- Electronic Toll
Collection System
(ETC)

32. Key points for Long-Term Measures 5
5. To modify drivers’ behavior
 Drivers’ behavior may interfere the 100% per-
formance of new infrastructures and systems.
 Some behavior actually reduces road capacity.
 How to make car users select public transport?
 It is necessary to make them understand the
effect of the behavior.
 “Mobility Management”
 “Smart Drive (Умное Вождение)”

33. Mobility Management
 Communication-based transport policy to
promote people’s voluntary change of their
mobility to the publicly and individually
desirable way.
 Utilizing psychological methods to promote
people’s voluntary behavior change
◦ Questionnaire, evaluation, advising, feed-back

35. Thank you for your attention!
Спасибо за внимание!