Invertebrate Zoology Chapter 19 about Subclass Hexapoda (Insects)

1. SUBCLASS
HEXAPODA
GOTTA CATCH ‘EM ALL!

2. PRE-ASSESSMENT!

3. GIVE 5 SPECIES OF HEXAPODA

4. GIVE SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF
HEXAPODA

5. GIVE 3 ORDERS OF HEXAPODA

6. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DO
NOT BELONG TO THE GROUP?

7. FOR EXCRETION IN HEXAPODA
M NGP
B E S

8. SUBCLASS
HEXAPODA
GENERALCHARACTERISTICS
BY: PAULA MARIE M LLIDO

9. INTERNAL TRANSPORT
 HEMAL SYSTEM
 Heart, accessory heart,
hemocoel, and blood
 9 abdominal segment,
perforated by 1 to 12 pairs
of segmental ostia
 Forward beating – head
 Backward beating –
abdomen

10.  Many survives subfreezing
temperatures by accumulating
glycerol, sorbitol, and
trehalose in the blood which
depress freezing point and
function as anti-freeze
 Permitted ice crystals to form
in desired body location
A New Zealand insect called the Weta freezes
completely solid during winter. When the temps go
up, it resumes its business.

11. GAS EXCHANGE
 ATMOSPHERE – SPIRACLE –
TISSUE
 Longitudinal tracheal trunks -
branch to the heart, nerve
cord, muscles and gut
 Closing spiracles reduces
water loss and filtering
prevents entry of dust and
parasites
 Taenidia – allow trachea to
expand, but prevent its
collapse
 Tracheoles

12. Use tracheae to carry
respiratory gasses
Chitin-lined
invaginations of
epithelium
Open to the outside
via spiracles

13.  Tracheal cuticle is shed during
molting
 Gas movement in trachea –
simple diffusion and muscular
ventilation
 Aquatic – CLOSED TRACHEAL
SYSTEM (w/o Spiracle) – air-
filled trachea arise in tracheal
gills (filamentous)
 Aquatic larvae has open
tracheal system - 2 spiracles at
end of breathing tube .
 Aquatic adults go to surface

14. EXCRETION
 Excretion by Malpighian tubules
Almost all insects, some myriapods, some spiders
Blind-ended tubules bathed in hemolymph
Remove nitrogenous waste (e.g. uric acid), amino acids,
sugars

15. 15
Excretion by Malpighian tubules
Minerals, water resorbed at bottom of tubule and by
rectal glands of hindgut
waste passed out

16. NERVOUS SYSTEM

17. SENSE ORGAN
Head
 pair of compound eyes (detect
movement)
 several sets of simple eyes= ocelli
(probably detect changes in light
intensity) Mosquito compound eye

18. Fly tastes food by walking on it
Bitterness kills: Two new studies revealed that suppressing the ability to
taste food - regardless of how much is actually eaten - can increase or
decrease how long fruit flies live. Bitter tastes cut the insect's life expectancy,
while sweet tastes extended it
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2632862/Can-TASTE-BUDS-determine-long-youll-live-Study-finds-losing-ability-identify-
foods-boost-life-expectancy.html#ixzz4Jbc4Ejyp
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19. 19
Head
 Antennae can be
highly variable
Mosquito antennae

20. REPRODUCTION
FEMALE REPRODUCTION MALE REPRODUCTION

21. The larger drone bees, the males, do not
have stingers. The female worker bees are
the only ones that can sting, and
their stinger is a modified ovipositor. The
queen bee has a smooth stinger and can, if
need be, sting skin-bearing creatures
multiple times, but the queen does not leave
the hive under normal conditions.
When a honey bee stings a person, it cannot
pull the barbed stinger back out. It leaves
behind not only the stinger, but also part of its
abdomen and digestive tract, plus muscles and
nerves. This massive abdominal rupture kills the
honey bee. Honey bees are the only species
of bees to die after stinging