The document discusses Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity technologies. It describes the key requirements for IoT including long device lifespans, low power needs, and support for diverse operating systems. IEEE 802.15.4 standards including 6LoWPAN, Thread and ZigBee are examined as they provide robust, low-power connectivity solutions for IoT. The standards are compared in terms of frequency range, data rates, and use cases. Software stacks built on IEEE 802.15.4 such as 6LoWPAN, Thread and ZigBee are also summarized.

1. Usman Sarwar
17 Oct 2015
Presenting @ IET Malaysia Network
IoT Architecture : Elements
of Connectivity Technologies

2. Internet of Things Group 2
Agenda
• What and why of IoT?
• IoT connectivity landscape
• IEEE 802.15.4 standards and communication stacks

3. Internet of Things Group 3
IoT?

4. Internet of Things Group 4
Connectivity Solutions for IoT
 Robust connectivity is the foundation of the Internet of Things.
 IoT - commercial and industrial “things” ranging from vending machines to planes, trains and automobiles.
 Opportunities are vast in connecting new as well as legacy “things” across these global markets
 Diverse requirements
Energy GamingImagingDSS Mil/Aero Health

5. Internet of Things Group 5
IoT Unique Requirements
Broad Customer Base
•Large Customer Base
Operating Systems
• Linux, Android, Windows, and Proprietarysystems
•Version N and N-1, N-2
Long Life
• 3-10 years
•Longer ramp and demand cycle
•Stringent Q&R Requirements
Bandwidth and Latency
•More BW is not always better
• Appropriate for application
•Stringent Latency/Jitter
Power
• Devicesrun on battery
• Application that can not have coin cell
Functional Safety
•Redundancy
•Traceability

6. Internet of Things Group 6
Essential Elements for IoT deployment
Connectivity
 Provides an extensive network
of connectivity
 Wired
 Wireless
 Cellular
 Short-range
Manageability
 Enable common provisioning
frameworks
 Enable remote, secure
upgrades
 Provide web-based
configuration utilities
Security
 Protect devices for trust and
control
 Protect the Device
 Protect the application

7. Internet of Things Group 7
IoT Connectivity Landscape
IEEE 802.15.4
6LoWPAN
OtherTechnologies
BluetoothWIFI
StandardBTSW
6LoWPAN
Ethernet
RFID/NFC
Standard OSI Reference Protocols
Stack
Cellular
Cellular specific protocols
Complexity Simplicity
IPSO
Thread
ZigBeeIP
ZigBee
TSN
2G /3G
SIGFO
X
LTE-MOthers
others

8. Internet of Things Group
IEEE 802.15.4 landscape

9. Internet of Things Group 9
IoT based infrastructure use-cases with IEEE
802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.4
HomesSmart
Buildings
Smart
Utilities
Smart
Agriculture
Smart
Cities
Streetlights
Parking
Roads&
bridges
Livestock
Farming
Smart
Transportation
Smart
Healthcare
Grids
Water
Traffic
Waste
Assets
Ports
Monitoring
Office
• Designed for low bandwidth, low transmit power, small
frame size
• Design for Low power sensing and actuating
applications.
• AA batteries usage up to 5+ years
• Indoor range: 10 to 50 Meters. Outdoor: 100+-
• Network topologies: Star, Tree and Mesh
Frequencies Data Rate
2011 Spec
Data Rate
2006 Spec
Channels
2.4 GHz 250 kbps 250kbps 16
928 Mhz 100 kbps 40 kbps 10
868 Mhz 100 kbps 20 kbps 1
OtherUse-cases
Overall
Market
Value
2020
1100B$
Logistics
157B$
Use
case
s
400B$58B$ 5+ B$
Syringes
Medicine
117B$

10. Internet of Things Group 10
IEEE 802.15.4 standards
Description
802.15.4 General sensing and actuating
802.15.4c Phy for China
(314 – 316 MHz, 430 – 434 MHz, and 779 – 787 MHz )
802.15.4d Phy for Japan
(920 MHz)
802.15.4e Mac Enhancements (eg. minimized listening costs, link reliability), Industrial
applications, improved security
802.15.4f PHY Amendment for Active RFID,
802.15.4g PHY Amendment for Smart Utility Networks,
upto 1Km range, outdoor usage, larger frame size
Ref: IEEE 802 Standards. http://www.ieee802.org/

11. Internet of Things Group 11
IEEE 802.15.4 standards
802.15.4 802.15.4e 802.15.4g 802.15.4f
Frequency 2.4Ghz (DSSS + oQPSK),
868Mhz (DSSS + BPSK)
915Mhz (DSSS + BPSK)
2.4Ghz (DSSS + oQPSK,
CSS+DQPSK ),
868Mhz (DSSS + BPSK)
915Mhz (DSSS + BPSK)
2.4Ghz (DSSS +
oQPSK, CSS+DQPSK ),
868Mhz (DSSS + BPSK)
915Mhz (DSSS + BPSK)
2.4Ghz (DSSS + oQPSK,
CSS+DQPSK ),
868Mhz (DSSS + BPSK)
915Mhz (DSSS + BPSK)
3~10Ghz (BPM+BPSK )
Data rate Upto 250kbps Upto 800kbps Up to 800kbps
Differences _ Mac Enhancements
(time synchronization and
channel hopping)
Phy Enhancements Mac and Phy
Enhancements
Frame Size (bytes) 127 N/A Up to 2047 N/A
Range (m) 1 – 75+ 1 – 75+ Upto 1km N/A
Goals General Low-power
Sensing/Actuating
Industrial segments Smart utilities • Active RFID bi-
directional
• location determination
applications
Products Many Few Connode (6LoWPAN) LeanTegra PowerMote
Ref: IEEE 802 Standards. http://www.ieee802.org/

12. Internet of Things Group 12
IEEE 802.15.4 and BLE
IEEE 802.15.4 BLE (Bluetooth smart)
Applications Sensing and actuating in industrial, utilities,
medical
Beacons, healthcare, fitness, home
entertainment
Characteristics • Low power mesh personal area network
• Large size network
• Very Low cost
• Wireless personal area network
• Small size network
• Low cost
Target usage Utility meters, bulbs, smart Mobile phone, tablet and computer,
wearables
Deployment Time Years Weeks to Years
Overlapping area Smart home (eg. bulbs, plugs) thru gateway
or hub
Smart home (eg. bulbs, plugs) directly thru
smart phones or tablets
Network Type Star, tree and mesh Master - slave, mesh (new specification)
Ref: IEEE 802 Standards. http://www.ieee802.org/

13. Internet of Things Group
IEEE 802.15.4 Software Stacks

14. Internet of Things Group 14
What is 6LoWPAN?
• Acronym for IPv6 over Low power Wireless
Personal Area Networks.
• Constrained devices (eg IEEE 802.15.4, BLE)
• Standard from the maker of Internet (IETF)
which works with existing Internet
infrastructure (30+ years)
General Stack
Smart homes
+
buildings

15. Internet of Things Group 15
Google Thread
• Specification 1.0 released on 14 July 2015
• Targeted for Smart homes and buildings
• Members include ARM, Samsung, Silicon labs, Freescale, Intel, Philips..

16. Internet of Things Group 16
Why 6LoWPAN and what are the possibilities?

17. Internet of Things Group 17
What is ZigBee?
 ZigBee Alliance specification for a suite of high-level communication
proprietary protocols
 ZigBee Application Profiles
– ZigBee Home Automation 1.2
– ZigBee Light link
– Smart Energy 1.1b

18. Internet of Things Group 18
New emergence of ZigBee combining with Thread
Adopting
ZigBee 3.0

19. Internet of Things Group 19
IEEE 802.15.4 Stack comparison for IPSO, Thread
and ZigBee
ZigBee 3.0

20. Internet of Things Group 20
Ingredients of the Intel IoT Gateway
Scalable architectureIntel
Integrated operating systemWind River
End-to-end securityMcAfee

21. Internet of Things Group 21
Introducing Calypso Island

22. Internet of Things Group 22
Conclusion
• Impact of IoT
• Importance of connectivity
• importance of IEEE 802.15.4 technology

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