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Implementacija asimetričenga srednjega drevesa za 
iskanje konsenza filogenteskih dreves 
Urban Soban 
Mentor: doc. dr. Tomaž Curk
filogenetsko drevo = evolucijska hipoteza 
računamo jih npr. iz DNA ali RNA sekvenc 
za računanje poznamo več različnih metod, ki dajejo različne 
rezultate (pridobimo več evolucijskih hipotez) 
želimo eno evolucijsko hipotezo 
striktno, večinsko, Adamsovo, 
Nelson-Pagevo konsenzno drevo ... 
C. Darwin: Transmutation of species, Notebook B
izračun: 
- predstavitev dreves 
- nekompatibilnost kladov 
- graf nekompatibilnosti 
- največja neodvisna množica 
- rekonstrukcija drevesa 
dve aproksimacijski metodi 
evaluacija: 
- razrešenost drevesa 
- podobnost vhodnim drevesom (Robinson-Fouldsova mera) 
- časi izvajanja
skupni prednik z potomci 
koren poddrevesa z vsemi vozlišči pod njim 
plazilci niso klad, saj mednje ne spadajo ptiči 
"Reptilia-Sauropsida" by Petter Bøckman
vsak klad drevesa zakodiramo s pomočjo binarnega niza 
binarni niz določa prisotnost taksonomskih enot v kladu 
binarni nizi vseh kladov enolično 
določajo strukturo drevesa 
Epsilon | Delta | Gamma | Beta | Alpha 
0 0 1 1 1
vozlišča grafa predstavljajo binarni nizi kladov iz vseh dreves 
povežemo tista vozlišča, katerih binarni nizi so nekompatibilni 
poiščemo največjo neodvisno množico vozlišč
vhodnih dreves particij v grafu nekompatibilnosti 
iskanje največje neodvisne množice v -partitnih grafih spada v 
razred NP-polnih algoritmov (za > 2) 
: izračun AMT iz dveh vhodnih dreves naenkrat ( = 2) 
največje ujemanje najmanjše pokritje največja neodvisna množica 
: izračun AMT s pomočjo največjega ujemanja v grafu 
nekompatibilnosti
razrešenost drevesa je število povezav v drevesu 
Robinson-Fouldsova mera šteje neenake klade med drevesoma 
rezultati: 
AMT vedno najbolj razrešeno drevo ... 
... vendar ne nujno najbolj podobno vhodnim drevesom 
Bi-AMT včasih boljša od večinskega konsenza 
MM-AMT običajno boljša od Adamsovega konsenza
implementacija konsenzne metode AMT in dveh aproksimacijskih 
metod v paket Biopython 
razrešenost AMT (količina informacije, ki jo podaja) največja med 
preizkušenimi konsenznimi metodami 
uspešnost metode v splošnem odvisna od lastnosti vhodnih 
dreves 
natančna metoda (časovno) primerna za manjše do srednje 
velike vhodne množice dreves 
izboljšava: aproksimacija iskanja največje neodvisne množice

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AMT

  • 1. Implementacija asimetričenga srednjega drevesa za iskanje konsenza filogenteskih dreves Urban Soban Mentor: doc. dr. Tomaž Curk
  • 2. filogenetsko drevo = evolucijska hipoteza računamo jih npr. iz DNA ali RNA sekvenc za računanje poznamo več različnih metod, ki dajejo različne rezultate (pridobimo več evolucijskih hipotez) želimo eno evolucijsko hipotezo striktno, večinsko, Adamsovo, Nelson-Pagevo konsenzno drevo ... C. Darwin: Transmutation of species, Notebook B
  • 3. izračun: - predstavitev dreves - nekompatibilnost kladov - graf nekompatibilnosti - največja neodvisna množica - rekonstrukcija drevesa dve aproksimacijski metodi evaluacija: - razrešenost drevesa - podobnost vhodnim drevesom (Robinson-Fouldsova mera) - časi izvajanja
  • 4. skupni prednik z potomci koren poddrevesa z vsemi vozlišči pod njim plazilci niso klad, saj mednje ne spadajo ptiči "Reptilia-Sauropsida" by Petter Bøckman
  • 5. vsak klad drevesa zakodiramo s pomočjo binarnega niza binarni niz določa prisotnost taksonomskih enot v kladu binarni nizi vseh kladov enolično določajo strukturo drevesa Epsilon | Delta | Gamma | Beta | Alpha 0 0 1 1 1
  • 6. vozlišča grafa predstavljajo binarni nizi kladov iz vseh dreves povežemo tista vozlišča, katerih binarni nizi so nekompatibilni poiščemo največjo neodvisno množico vozlišč
  • 7. vhodnih dreves particij v grafu nekompatibilnosti iskanje največje neodvisne množice v -partitnih grafih spada v razred NP-polnih algoritmov (za > 2) : izračun AMT iz dveh vhodnih dreves naenkrat ( = 2) največje ujemanje najmanjše pokritje največja neodvisna množica : izračun AMT s pomočjo največjega ujemanja v grafu nekompatibilnosti
  • 8. razrešenost drevesa je število povezav v drevesu Robinson-Fouldsova mera šteje neenake klade med drevesoma rezultati: AMT vedno najbolj razrešeno drevo ... ... vendar ne nujno najbolj podobno vhodnim drevesom Bi-AMT včasih boljša od večinskega konsenza MM-AMT običajno boljša od Adamsovega konsenza
  • 9.
  • 10. implementacija konsenzne metode AMT in dveh aproksimacijskih metod v paket Biopython razrešenost AMT (količina informacije, ki jo podaja) največja med preizkušenimi konsenznimi metodami uspešnost metode v splošnem odvisna od lastnosti vhodnih dreves natančna metoda (časovno) primerna za manjše do srednje velike vhodne množice dreves izboljšava: aproksimacija iskanja največje neodvisne množice