3. INTRODUCTION
CLAIMING TO BE ABLE TO RECREATE THE CAPABILITIES OF THE
HUMAN MIND, IS BOTH A CHALLENGE AND AN INSPIRATION
FOR PHILOSOPHY.
• IT IS THE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING OF MAKING
INTELLIGENT MACHINES, ESPECIALLY INTELLIGENT
COMPUTER PROGRAMS.
4. INTRODUCTION
The AI field is
interdisciplinary, in which a
number of sciences and
professions converge.
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
Computer
science
Mathematics
Psychology
Linguistics
Philosophy
Neuroscience
Artificial
Psychology
5. FIFTH GENERATION OF COMPUTER
o
oThe Fifth Generation Computer Systems project (FGCS) was
a collaborative effort of the Japanese computer industry
coordinated by the Japanese Government that intended not
only to update the hardware technology of computers but
alleviate the problems of programming by creating AI
operating systems that would ferret out what the user
wanted and then do it.
6. HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Classical philosophers
Programmable Digital Computers (1940)
1943-1956: McCulloch & Pitts: Boolean circuit model of brain
Dartmouth meeting: "Artificial Intelligence“ name adopted
The golden years 1956−1974
7. 1986-- RISE OF MACHINE LEARNING
NEURAL NETWORKS RETURN TO POPULARITY
MAJOR ADVANCES IN MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS AND
APPLICATIONS
1995-- AI AS SCIENCE
INTEGRATION OF LEARNING, REASONING, KNOWLEDGE
REPRESENTATION
AI METHODS USED IN VISION, LANGUAGE, DATA MINING, ETC
8. 2006: FACE RECOGNITION SOFTWARE AVAILABLE IN CONSUMER CAMERAS
2003-2007 ROBOT DRIVING: DARPA GRAND CHALLENGE
• FEB 2011 THERE CAME QUESTION ANSWERING ROBOT.
9. Languages
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCHERS HAVE DEVELOPED SEVERAL
SPECIALIZED PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES FOR ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE WHICH INCLUDE IPL, LISP, PROLOG, STRIPS, PLANNER,
POP-11 ETC.
10.
11. TOOLS USED IN A.I.
In the course of 50 years of research, AI has developed a large number of tools to
solve the most difficult problems in computer science. A few of the most general
of these methods are discussed below.
Search and optimization
Logic
Probabilistic methods for uncertain reasoning
Classifiers and statistical learning methods
Neural networks
Control theory
Languages
25. • ARTIFICIAL MINDS WILL JUST SINGLE MINDEDLY PURSUE THEIR AIMS
AND THESE AIMS MAY NOT NECESSARILY COINCIDE WITH OURS.
• “WE WON’T BE ABLE TO EFFECTIVELY CONTROL ANY SUPER
INTELLIGENCE WE CREATE”.
26. • A MACHINE WOULD’NT
SPECIFICALLY WANT TO
KILL US BUT ITS
AMMORTALITY WOULD
MEAN THAT IT WOULD
BE WILLING TO CAUSE
OUR EXTINCTION IF
NECESSARY.
27. BUT,ACCORDING TO THE OPTIMISTS,IN A WORLD OF ARTIFICIAL
SUPER INTELLIGENCE MACHINES WILL STILL BE OUR SERVANTS.
28. DRAWBACKS OF A.I
• Limited Ability
• Slow Real Time Response
• Can’t Handle Emergency
Situation
• Difficult code
• High Cost
