ChatBot
Presented By:
Utsab Neupane

Presentation
Outline
Introduction
Background
History
Evolution
How Chatbot Work?
Applications
Benefits
Challenges
Future Perspective
Statistics
Conclusion

Introduction
Known with various names: Talkbot, Chatterbot, Bot, Chatterbox, Artificial Conversational
Entity
1. A computer program that conducts a conversation via audio or text
2. Uses Natural Language Processing or a list of keywords stored in database to scan and
match the similar wording pattern
3. Part of Virtual Assistant and instant messaging platform such as Facebook Messenger

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Video: Introduction to chatbot(Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYJjrvXSbnM)

Background
1. ELIZA is considered as first Chatbot developed in 1966(Weizenbaum, 1966)
2. Was able to fool user in believing them to have conversation with human
3. Works on a principle of recognizing the words from sentence and giving a pre programmed
or pre prepared output on the basis of recognized words
4. Alan Turing proposed a paper called “Turing Test” that is considered as a criteria of
Intelligence(Turing, 1950)
5. ELIZA was the first to pass this test

History

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Source: (https://futurism.com/images/the-history-of-chatbots-
infographic/)

Evolution(Six Stages)
1. The Character Actor
• Look for key phrases in user’s text or speech and based on it give output of scripted
responses
2. The Assistant
• Narrow down the task and assigned to do that particular task only
• Each task represented with a form. Similar to stage 1 but rules has been split down
the middle into two set of rules. One set looks for key phrases and other set checks if
form is filled. If yes calls web services. Started from late 90s
• Used for ordering pizza, making reservation

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3. The talking encyclopedia
• No longer require predefined form
• Build up a representation of what you mean by word by word(Semantic Parsing)
• Used for weather forecasting, finding chinese restaurant nearby
• Google’s Syntaxnet is one of the example
4. The Historian
• Above this stage bots are not good at understanding how the given sentences connects to one another
• Maintains discourse history
• Integrate gesture understanding with language understanding

… contd
5. The Collaborator
• In Earlier stage chatbot recognizes the task that needs to be performed but it really
cannot relate what user are actually trying to achieve
• This stage of chatbot will suggest and recommend the best possible option using AI
6. The Companion
• Similar to Human Counselor
• Inspired from movie “Her”
(Source: Link: https://medium.com/@intentionperception/the-6-evolutionary-stages-of-chatbot-ai-d67ddabdebf)

Video: How Chatbot Work? (Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUWlXtrRlMY)
How Chatbot Works?

Application
1. Messaging platform:
➔ Eg: Facebook, WeChat, Skype, Twitter and more
2. Apps and Website:
➔ Eg: Ask Jenn from Alaska Airlines (2008)
3. Company Internal Platform (Automated online assistance):
➔ Eg: Chatbot instead of call centre
4. Toys (Chatbots are incorporated in device):
➔ Eg: Hello Barbie, a combination of Hologram and Chatbot - by Toy Talk company

Benefits
• 24 x 7 Availability
• Enhance Shopping Experience
• Maintain and Engage Customers (via
message)
• Reduce Cost by Reducing Chat
Operators
• Efficient Marketing Tool

Challenges
• User Acceptance
• Human-Less Communication
• Job-Loss
• Unable to Perform Complex Task

Future
Perspective
• Single Entry Point
• Artificial Intelligence
• Internet Of Things
• Personalization

… contd
Video: Future of chatbot(Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8qyKQVPR6k)

A Survey on Whether
Chatbots Will Replace
Human Counterparts
Completely?
Statistics:
Source: (https://chatbotsjournal.com/5-learnings-from-our-chatbot-
survey-2017-72a6a4fc209c)

Industries That Will Benefit
The Most From Chatbots
Source: (https://chatbotsjournal.com/5-learnings-from-our-chatbot-survey-
2017-72a6a4fc209c)
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● A new technology
with great future
potential
● Still in incubation
phase
Conclusion

References:
Mauldin, M(1994), "ChatterBots, TinyMuds, and the Turing Test: Entering the Loebner Prize Competition", Proceedings of the Eleventh
National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Press
Turing, A.M. (1950), “Computing Machinery and Intelligence,” Mind, Vol. 49, pp. 433-460
Weizenbaum, J (1966), "ELIZA—A Computer Program For the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man And Machine",
Communications of the ACM, 9 (1): 36–45
Mindbowser, (2017). Retrieved from https://chatbotsjournal.com/5-learnings-from-our-chatbot-survey-2017-72a6a4fc209c
Futurism, (2016).Retrieved from https://futurism.com/images/the-history-of-chatbots-infographic/
Octane AI, (2016). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYJjrvXSbnM
Pautler, D., (2016), Retrieved from https://medium.com/@intentionperception/the-6-evolutionary-stages-of-chatbot-ai-d67ddabdebf
Triskyl Technologies, (2017). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUWlXtrRlMY

Kholod, A., (2017). Retrieved from https://www.api2cart.com/blog/chatbots-in-ecommerce-leverage-shopping-cart-integration/
Kojouharov, S., (2017). Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/StefanKojouharov/chatbot-revolution-exploring-opportunities-use-
cases-bot-design?qid=e791ff3c-d9d2-4b4b-ae91-7a762af78569&v=&b=&from_search=36
Figaro Digital(2016). Retrieved from http://figarodigital.co.uk/article/pros-cons-different-brands-using-chatbots/
Talha, S.A., (2015). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8qyKQVPR6k
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Thank You!