6. Motor homunculus First discovered by Penfield

7. Brodmann areas

12. Medulla motor cortex internal capsule Upper motor neuron Lower motor neuron anterior horn cell

16. alpha motor neuron gamma motor neuron corticospinal tract Arrangement at the anterior horn cell

24. midbrain pons medulla spinal cord reticulospinal tract

27. midbrain pons medulla spinal cord vestibulospinal tract mainly extensors

30. midbrain pons medulla spinal cord rubrospinal tract mainly flexors

32. midbrain pons medulla spinal cord tectospinal tract cervical segments

35. Upper motor neuron Lower motor neuron extrapyramidal tracts pyramidal tracts alpha motor neurone gamma motor neurone

47. positive Babinski sign

48. Site of lesions Cortex Internal capsule Brain stem Spinal cord Anterior horn cell Motor nerve Neuromuscular junction Muscle

49. Site of lesions monoplegia only 1 limb is affected either UL or LL, lower motor neuron lesion hemiplegia on half of the body including UL and LL lesion in the Internal capsule paraplegia both lower limbs thoracic cord lesion quadriplegia (tetraplegia) all 4 limbs are affected cervical cord or brain stem lesion