This presentation was designed by Mariam Otmani Del Barrio for the VERDAS consortium workshop held on Thursday 2 March at the University of Valle in Cali, Colombia. The workshop was the Verdas Consortium presentation of its research results, a synthesis of knowledge on urban health interventions for the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases.

1. VECTORS ENVIRONMENT AND
SOCIETY UNIT
M a r i a m O t m a n i d e l B a r r i o
Ve c t o r s , E n vi r o n m e n t a n d S o c i e t y U n i t
WHO/TDR/VES Overview
Universidad del Valle, Cali, 2 March 2017

2. 2TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE 2TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE
VECTORS, ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY UNIT
VES Context: Vector-Borne Diseases (VBD) represent a major
source of illness in developing countries. Environment and society
have major influences on the transmission of these and on their
vectors.
VES Impact Goal: Communities have enhanced access to improved
control interventions that ultimately contribute to decreased
transmission and disease burden.
VES Activities: Promote research - Build capacity - Collaborate with
countries and institutions

3. 3TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE 3TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE
HOW WE HELP COUNTRIES TO ACHIEVE DISEASES CONTROL ?
Scientific Knowledge: Generation of
scientific evidence relevant to the vector-
borne diseases affecting poor and
vulnerable populations
Capacity Building: All projects
include support for students and
training for health professional,
from community level to
stakeholders.
Policy Recommendations: Research
results and scientific evidences have
to be translated/implemented into
feasible recommendations and
policies.
Facilitation of Collaboration and exchange
through Networks: Vector-Borne
Diseases are not limited by national
frontiers and it is imperative that
countries work together to achieve
prevention, surveillance and control

4. 4TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE 4TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE
VES WORK STREAMS AND PROJECTS
Sustainable
Health and
Well-Being

5. 5TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE 5TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE
PROJECTS IN THE WORK STREAM ON
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES
ENVIRONMENTAL
CHANGES
• ER.1.3.3 Resilience of most vulnerable
populations to Climate Change for vector-
borne diseases in Africa
• ER.1.3.7 Environmental Public Health
Services to prevent and control vector-
borne diseases in South-East Asia

6. 6TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE 6TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE
RESILIENCE OF VULNERABLE POPULATIONS
TO CLIMATE CHANGE
5 RESEARCH PROJECTS IN 7 AFRICAN
COUNTRIES, 4 DISEASES:
• Human African trypanosomiasis: alleviating the
effects of climate change (South Africa, Tanzania)
• Climate change impact on malaria and
schistosomiasis in arid areas of Southern Africa
(South Africa, Zimbabwe and Botswana)
• Vulnerability and resilience to malaria and
schistosomiasis in the Sahelian belt (Côte d’Ivoire,
Mauritania )
• Predicting vulnerability and improving resilience of
the Masai communities to trypanosomiasis and
malaria (Tanzania).
• Early warning systems for improved human health
and resilience to climate sensitive malaria and Rift
Valley fever in Kenya

7. 7TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE 7TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES IN SOUTHEAST
ASIA
Strengthening public health through access of
community-centred health support services for the
control and prevention of priority infectious
diseases, 2 projects:
• To identify and characterize the (environmental)
health concerns/risks, and their potential impact
on VBD transmission in rural communities
(SEARO)
• Develop community-driven services that could be
developed to prevent and control these
diseases (WPRO)

8. 8TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE 8TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE
PROJECTS IN THE WORK STREAM ON EMERGING
CHALLENGES
EMERGING CHALLENGES
• ER.1.3.6 Impact of Insecticide Resistance on
Malaria Control and Residual Malaria
• SDFV.2 Caribbean Network on emerging
arboviruses
• SDFV.4 Development of an online platform
to host Courses on Vectors
• SDFV.5 Network on Insecticide Resistance

9. 9TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE 9TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE
IMPACT OF INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE
ON MALARIA CONTROL
The overall objective of this study is to assess performances of LLIN (long-lasting insecticidal
nets)/(indoor residual spraying) IRS in sites where Anopheles mosquitoes have developed resistance
to insecticide in comparison to sites where Anopheles are susceptible to insecticides.
The specific objectives include:
1. Update data on insecticide resistance and
determine resistance mechanism(s) in the 3 target
countries in order to identify appropriate study sites
with the knock down and metabolic-based resistance
mechanisms.
2. Monitor entomological, parasitological and socio-
anthropological indices of LLINs/IRS efficacy in
selected study sites with and without insecticide
resistance
3. Compare the performances of LLINs and IRS on
entomologic indices (vector longevity, MBR and EIR)
and malaria prevalence in localities where
Anopheles exhibit either the knock down resistance,
metabolic-based resistance or both resistance
mechanisms.

10. 10TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE 10TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE
RESIDUAL MALARIA PROJECTS
 Residual malaria hotspots in Peru and Brazil: setting the stage for testing improved: PI Dionicia Gamboa Vilela,
study sites in Brazil and Peru
 Understanding residual transmission for sustainable malaria control and enhancement of elimination efforts in
Africa: PI Joseph Mwangangi, study sites in Kenya, Cameroon and Ethiopia.
 Residual Malaria Transmission in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) - Studies to examine its magnitude and
identify its causes: PI Jeffrey Hii, study sites in Thailand and Vietnam.
 Understanding human, parasite, vector and environmental interractions driving residual malaria transmission in
Papua New Guinea: PI Moses Laman, study sites are in Papua New Guinea.
 Where and when is residual malaria transmission taking place? Investigating magnitude and drivers of persistent
Plasmodium infections in East and West Africa: PI Fredros Okumu, study sites in Burkina Faso and Tanzania.

11. 11TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE 11TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE
CARIBBEAN NETWORK ON EMERGING VBD
Consortium selected in
June 2015
First Workshop on
Surveillance and
Diagnostics of Emerging
VBDs
Trinidad, December 2015
Second Workshop on
Vector Surveillance and
Control
Saint-Kitts, May 2016

12. 12TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE 12TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE
DEVELOPMENT OF A PLATFORM ON
COURSES ON VECTORS FOR LMICs
Activity 1: Mapping of available
courses Worldwide
Activity 2: Workshop with institutions to
develop the platform (Lisbon, February 16-
17, 2016)
Future: Selection of a
partner for construction
and hosting of the
platform.
Outcome 1: Online availability of the courses
for students, health professionals and any
other capacity building issue.
Outcome 2: Possible discussion for
harmonization of the courses.

13. 13TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE 13TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE
THE WORLDWIDE INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE
NETWORK

14. 14TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE 14TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE
PROJECTS IN THE WORK STREAM ON SOCIAL AND
COMMUNITY DYNAMICS

15. 15TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE 15TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE
ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE IN AFRICA
EC funded, 4 expected outcomes
1.Community-based interventions (CBI) for
strengthening Primary Health Care (PHC)
2.Incentives for Community Health Workers
3.Integrated Community Case Management of
malaria and pneumonia (iCCM).
4.Knowledge generation and management.
All outcomes fully achieved
Now, translation of research into practices
at national level.
Some Data on severe malaria: % Before Intervention % After Intervention
Burkina F Nigeria Uganda Burkina F Nigeria Uganda
Fast breathing 1.7 4.0 2.2 0.5 0.5 2.6
Convulsion 5.4 5.3 17.1 5.0 5.8 4.9
Weakness/Lethargy 4.3 15.0 17.1 5.1 1.33 12.4

16. 16TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE 16TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF COMMUNITY
PARTICIPATION/community-based interventions
CollaborationMobilisationInformation sharing Empowerment
Community actively
lobbying for improved
environmental and living
conditions, including
better housing
Community actively directs
its own vector control and
surveillance efforts
Community
informed about
risk (vectors) and
prevention as well
as protection
measures
(breeding sites
elimination)
Community
mobilized
to improve peri-
domestic and
domestic
environmental
conditions and
community-based
surveillance
Community collaborates
with vector control
services/health system on
protection of potential
breeding-sites,
serological surveillance,
environmental
management

17. 17TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE 17TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE
SCALING UP OF DENGUE INTERVENTIONS
4 LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES: BRAZIL, COLOMBIA, MEXICO, URUGUAY
EXAMPLE: INTERVENTION PACKAGE IN BRAZIL
In Goiânia, window and door screens in a metallic frame are
manufactured and installed by a local commercial
enterprise in about 3500 households.
In Belo Horizonte, curtains with long-lasting insecticide will
be manufactured by a group of women and placed in two
pilot areas and then two larger areas (10 000 households)
and (6 328 households).
Long-lasting insecticide treated nets are provided by
WHO/PAHO. The municipalities have already acquired one
part of the material with the support of the Brazilian
Ministry of Health, through PAHO.
Targeted interventions of the most productive type of
containers. Covering unprotected elevated water containers
and waste disposal through community actions, led by
control agents in both cities.

18. 18TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE 18TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE
SOCIAL INNOVATION IN HEALTH CARE DELIVERY
Partnership development
Bertha Center for Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship (University of Cape Town.
Skoll Centre for Social Innovation (Oxford University)
Innovation research: case-study research on 25 selected social innovations
(http://healthinnovationproject.org)
Major international stakeholder meeting in December 2015
.
Innovation:
Barcoded vaccination card with
redeemable credit for farm inputs
Implementer:
University of Nairobi
Website:
www.uonbi.ac.ke
Innovation:
Disease surveillance system for
malaria using a mobile platform
Implementer:
Centre for Development of
Advanced Computing
Website:
http://www.cdac.in
Innovation:
Integrated management of fever,
malaria, pneumonia, and
diarrhoea in children at drug
shops
Implementer:
Makerere University
Website:
http://www.musph.ac.ug

19. 19TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE 19TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE
URBAN HEALTH
Goal
• Develop integrated community-based
interventions for the prevention and control of
vector-borne diseases of poverty in urban
contexts
• Generate evidence on innovative urban health
interventions
• Inform policy and practice
Output
• Urban intervention “packages”
• Innovative housing protection strategies
• Multi-stakeholder partnerships
• Community-based delivery options
Consortium selected to conduct a research gap analysis
Organize workshop and commission reviews for setting research
priorities (2015-2017) and develop evidence-based policy briefs
Focused research scheme on specific urban health issues (2016-2017)

20. 20TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE 20TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE
PROJECTS IN THE WORK STREAM ON GENDER
EQUITY AND ETHICS
GENDER EQUITY AND
ETHICS
• SDFV.1 Support activities for the
improvement of the careers of women
research scientists in infectious diseases.
• ER.1.3.8 Training courses for capacity
building in gender-based analysis (2015-
2018)

21. 21TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE 21TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE
GENDER EQUITY
IMPROVING THE CAREERS OF WOMEN
RESEARCH SCIENTISTS
TDR-wide activity
9 projects in Kenya, Nigeria, Guinea,
Uganda, Malawi, Cameroon, Republic of
Congo, Mali and Ethiopia
DEVELOPMENT TRAINING COURSE FOR
CAPACITY BUILDING ON GENDER-BASED
ANALYSIS IN VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES
Collaboration with RCS-KM
Implemented with the TDR Regional Training
Center for the African Region (School of Public
Health, University of Ghana).
Curriculum development started in August
2015
http://www.who.int/tdr/capacity/gender/en/

22. 22TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE 22TDR • MAKING A DIFFERENCE
TDR/VES INVOLVEMENT IN ZIKA EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
1) Vector Control Group – Focal Point: R. Velayudhan (NTD/WHO)
2) Public Health Research – TDR activities
Priority 1. Research on insecticide resistance impact on vector control and disease transmission.
Priority 2. Research on new indicators for entomological surveillance.
Priority 3. Investigations on community-based vector control approaches, taking into account social and cultural
differences

23. THANK YOU