1. Synaptic Transmission Valeria Rivera
Neuroscience Department Dr. Michael Rubin
Thom Schikirski PhD Feb.9, 2012 Genetics 5pts
Synapses are highly specialized subcellular structures that transfer
information between neuron or send signals to non-neuronal cells such as muscle
cells (Schikirski). There are different forms of synapses in the brain and are difficult
to study because they are so small. Synapses convert electrical signals called the
action potential into chemical signals that can cross the space between two nerve
cells. The cell that receives the signaling transmits it back into an electrical signal.
With every action potential that the neuron does there is a release of
neurotransmitters, chemicals that transmit signals from a neuron to a target cell.
This process of action potentials, receiving the signal through neurotransmitters is
what makes us think, learn, memorize, and recognize. One fact that Schikirki
mentioned is that consciousness and dreams are based on synapsed activity.
Malfunction in synapsis results in epilepsy and neuropathic pain, mental disorders
like anxiety and depression, learning deficits and dementia like Alzheimer’s disease.
His study focuses on how a25, an accessory calcium channel subunit that is the
receptor of the anti-epileptic and analgesic drug gaba protein, regulates synaptic
transmission and synaptic morphology.