This document discusses fundamentals of accessibility and design principles for new media. It covers Gestalt psychology principles like similarity, proximity and closure that influence human perception. It also discusses the use of grids and the golden ratio in structuring pages and images. An eye-tracking study found that people first notice visual/pictorial elements on a page before reading text or headlines. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding human perception and psychology in responsible new media design.
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Fundamentals of Accessibility in New Media: Gestalt Principles of Perception
1. Fundamentals of accessibility in New Media Dimitris Vayenas MIEE, CEng vayenas@metadata.gr Georges Braque, Man with a Guitar, 1911
2. Modern Societies and New Media Looking Backward to see Ahead (RAND) Few fundamentals (City University) The Gesthalt Approach The Application of Metaphors from Art & Craft to New Media What people are really looking at in their monitors (Poynter – Standford University) Summary
3. Main Characteristics Limited Predictability Relations became asynchronous Relations from time driven become event driven and services from time/context driven become Content Driven ”Freedom of Choice” On demand subscriber services Modern Societies
17. Gestalt psychology 1890 German psychologist Christian von Ehrenfels published “On Gestalt Qualities” Suggested that whole is larger than sum of it’s parts - the parts interact to form a new whole Our perception of an object is influenced by the arrangement of objects around it The Gestalt Approach
19. Gestalt psychology Humans’ natural tendency to organize visual patterns. Compelled to resolve ambiguous situations in order to stabilize a design and make sense of its meaning The Gestalt Approach
20. Max Wertheimer research why we perceive some images are belonging together and some not Wolfgan Kohler, Kurt Koffha and Rudolf Arnheim further applied these principles to art and visual perception The eye seeks a unified whole or ‘gestalt’ - knowing how can help analyse and create successful designs Knowing the connections the eye will draw for itself can help eliminate clutter and produce clearly articulated designs Think of designs as ‘perceptual structures’ The Gestalt Approach
30. Gestalt Principles Closure closed shapes are more visually stable than unclosed shapes. We have a natural tendency to close gaps and complete an unfinished form interpretations which produce 'closed' rather than 'open' figures are favoured.
31. Gestalt Principles Closure closed shapes are more visually stable than unclosed shapes. We have a natural tendency to close gaps and complete an unfinished form
34. Gestalt Principles Continuation This principle is that contours based on smooth continuity are preferred to abrupt changes of direction. Here, for instance, we are more likely to follow the longer, smoother line than the shorter one which changes direction abruptly.
35. Gestalt Principles Continuation the viewer's eye will follow a line or curve. The eye is pleased by shapes that are not interrupted but form harmonious relationships with adjoining shapes
38. Gestalt Principles - smallness Smallness -Smaller areas tend to be seen as figures against a larger background.
39. Gestalt Principles - Symmetry Symmetry- symmetrical areas tend to be seen as figures against asymmetrical backgrounds.
40. Gestalt Principles Figure/Ground The fundamental law of perception which allows us to discern objects. The eye and mind separate an object (figure) from its surroundings (ground) Made possible by contrast.
41. Gestalt Principles Figure/Ground The fundamental law of perception which allows us to discern objects. The eye and mind separate an object (figure) from its surroundings (ground) Made possible by contrast.
50. Linear design. The interwoven, linear pattern of Leonardo da Vinci's panel painting "Virgin and Child with St. Anne," c. 1501-12. In the Louvre, Paris. 1.68 m 1.3 m.
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52. Systems evolved to allow the harmonious placement of pictorial elements on the canvas