This document provides an introduction to web technologies presented by Venkat Pinagadi. It outlines the presentation topics which include HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. For each component, it will discuss what it is/isn't, what constructs it comprises, how to use it in web pages, and how it interacts with other components. The document then goes into more detail on specific HTML components such as documents, pages, headings, images, tables, and links. It also covers CSS concepts, rules, and placement as well as how CSS can control page elements.
2. S ha me le s s P lug
Owne r, Hype rTra in dot Com
S a n Die go ba s e d, but do mos tly ons ite
work plus confe re nce s
Tra in & cons ult on He lp Authoring
Tools a nd re la te d te chnologie s :
J a va S cript, HTML, CS S , DHTML,
Inte ra ctivity, We b-ba s e d He lp, e tc.
Uncle Da ve 's motto: "Ca ll me
a nytime ."
888-722-0700, dga s h@hype rtra in.com
3. P re s e nta tion Ove rvie w
Look a t ma in te chnologica l
compone nts tha t ma ke up mode rn
We b pa ge s
HTML – Hype rTe xt Ma rkup La ngua ge
CS S – Ca s ca ding S tyle S he e ts
J a va S cript – um, J a va S cript
For e a ch compone nt
Wha t it is /is n't, ca n/ca n't do
Wha t kinds of cons tructs it compris e s
How to us e it in We b pa ge s
How it inte ra cts with othe r compone nts
4. HTML Compone nts
Docume nts
Docume nt = pa ge = HTM file = topic
Conte nt (te xt, ima ge s )
Ta gs (dis pla y comma nds )
Othe r te rms
Window: brows e r dis pla y window
URL: Uniform Re s ource Loca tor
Hype rlink: hype rte xt jump to a re s ource
Re s ource : URL, ima ge , ma ilto, e xte rna l
file
5. HTML P a ge s
HTML pa ge s a re ta g-ba s e d
docume nts
Re a lly pla in AS CII te xt file s
Don't look like docume nts the y re pre s e nt
Ta gs indica te how proce s s ing progra m
s hould dis pla y te xt a nd gra phics
De s igne d to de s cribe hype rte xt, not pa pe r
P roce s s e d by brows e rs "on the fly"
Ta gs us ua lly a ppe a r in pa irs
Mos t ha ve re a s ona ble na me s or
mne monics
6. Tha t's How This ...
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<BODY background="slate.gif">
<H1>Welcome</H1>
<IMG SRC="DOUGLAS.GIF" WIDTH="80" HEIGHT="107"
ALT="Our Founder" BORDER="0">
<H2>A Message from the President </H2>
<P><font color=red>Good evening! Thank you for
working late!</font></P>
<P>Hello and welcome to DougCo, Incorporated! I'm
<b>Douglas S. Michaels,</b> President and Founder,
<a href="acronyms.htm">COB, CEO, COO, and
BBBWAIC</a>. Let me take this opportunity to
congratulate you on obtaining employment here at
DougCo; I want you to know that you've chosen to
spend your career in one of the most worthwhile and
rewarding endeavors possible --making me richer!</P>
. . .
8. S ome HTML Ta g Exa mple s
S
TAR TAG
T
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
<BODY>
<H1>, <H2>, ...
<IMG ...>
<A ...>
<P>
<BR>
<OL>
<UL>
<LI>
E TAG
ND
</HTML>
</HEAD>
</TITLE>
</BODY>
</H1>, </H2>, ...
</IMG> (optional)
</A>
</P>
(optional)
(none; "empty" tag)
</OL>
</UL>
</LI> (optional)
9. HTML Docume nt La yout
Exa mple of ba s ic ta g pos itioning
<html>
<head>
<title>Title bar text</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Look, I'm a paragraph!</p>
</body>
</html>
Alwa ys think c o nta ine rs !
Ta g pa irs tha t e nclos e conte nt
10. S ome Common Te xt Ta gs
He a ding le ve ls
h1 – h6, numbe rs inve rs e to te xt s ize
<h1>Heading One</h1>
<h2>Heading One</h2>
P a ra gra ph
P roba bly the mos t common ta g
<p>Yada yada yada...</p>
Line bre a k (a n e mpty ta g)
Us e d whe n <p>'s white s pa ce not wa nte d
This line will break<br>right there
Note white s pa ce or la ck the re of in
HTML s ource does not m
atter!
11. Orde re d & Unorde re d Lis ts
Orde re d (numbe re d)
Us e <ol>...</ol> ta gs
Unorde re d (bulle te d)
Us e <ul>...</ul> ta gs
Lis t Ite ms ma ke up both lis ts
Us e s a me <li>...</li> ta gs
Lis ts ca n conta in a lmos t a nything
Te xt, ima ge s , pa ra gra phs , links
Eve n othe r (ne s te d) lis ts , s a me type or
not
12. Attribute s a nd Va lue s
P rope rtie s , tra its , or cha ra cte ris tics tha t
modify the wa y a ta g looks or a cts
Us ua lly in pa irs : <body bgcolor="teal">
S ome time s not: <dl compact>
Mos t HTML ta gs ca n ta ke a ttribute s
Forma t of va lue de pe nds on a ttribute
width="150" ... href="page3.htm" no t
width="page3.htm" ... href="150"
13. The Anchor Ta g
(1)
The ta g tha t puts the HT in HTML
<a > ... </a > (us e le s s by its e lf)
Mus t ha ve a ttribute s to be us e ful
HREF (Hype rte xt REFe re nce ) a ttribute
Ma ke s a jump to s ome pla ce (URL)
<a href="mypage.htm">My Page</a>
<a href="www.google.com">Google</a>
Link te xt is unde rs core d by de fa ult
W
hatever is be twe e n <a > a nd </a >
is hot (clicka ble )
Clicking ma ke s the link go s ome whe re
or do s ome thing
14. The Anchor Ta g
(2)
S ome link e xa mple s
te xt only
ima ge only
both
15. Ima ge s
(1)
Us e d in pa ge s for va rious re a s ons
Cla rifica tion, na viga tion, pe riphe ra l
tra ining
Ima ge s not in pa ge ; re fe re nc e d by
pa ge
Gra phics a re s e pa ra te , re quire d file s
Us ua lly GIFs or J P Gs , s ome time s othe rs
Ca n be a nywhe re in docume nt body: in
pa ra gra phs , he a dings , lis ts , a nchors , e tc.
P la ce ima ge with <img> ta g
Like <a >, <img> is us e le s s by its e lf
16. Ima ge s
(2)
Ma in a ttribute : S RC
Te lls pa ge whe re to find the ima ge
File na me ca n be loca l, re la tive , or full
Ca s e s e ns itivity de pe nds on s e rve r
Anima te d GIFs a dde d s a me a s s ta tic
<img src="smiley.gif">
<img src="./pix/mypic.jpg">
<img src="http://www.myweb.com/mail.gif">
17. Ta ble s
(1)
P owe rful, fle xible informa tion de live ry
Us e d to re fle ct or impa rt s tructure
A ta ble is a conta ine r
<table> ... </table>
Tha t conta ins othe r conta ine rs (rows )
<tr> ... </tr>
Tha t conta in othe r conta ine rs (ce lls )
<td> ... </td> (data cells)
<th> ... </th> (heading cells)
Tha t conta in da ta – or othe r conta ine rs
Te xt, gra phics , lis ts , e ve n othe r ta ble s !
18. Ta ble s
(2)
Ba s ic ta ble ma rkup
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>Row 1, Cell 1</td>
<td>Row 1, Cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Row 2, Cell 1</td>
<td>Row 2, Cell 2</td>
</tr>
Row 1, Cell 1 Row 1, Cell 2
</table>
Row 2, Cell 1 Row 2, Cell 2
19. CS S Conce pts
S tyle s a re na me d s e ts of forma tting
comma nds
[18pt, Aria l, le ft a ligne d] "S e ction he a d"
[Bold, ita lic, blue ] "Glos s a ry te rm"
[Norma l, 10pt, Ve rda na ] "Body te xt"
[Ita lic, ora nge , s ma ll ca ps ] "Bob"
S tyle s he e ts a re control docume nts
tha t a re re fe re nce d by conte nt
docume nts
MS Word, othe r e ditors & de s ktop
publis hing progra ms ha ve done it for ye a rs
20. Why Us e CS S ?
HTML forma tting is a wkwa rd a nd
impre cis e
Origina lly inte nde d to de live r we ll
orga nize d te xt (a ime d a t s tructure , not
forma tting)
Ove r time , forma tting e le me nts we re
a dde d tha t s olve d s ome proble ms , but
cre a te d ma ny more
W3C propos e d Ca s ca ding S tyle
S he e ts
S e pa ra te forma t from conte nt
Enforce cons is te ncy
21. Wha t's "Ca s ca ding" All About?
Thre e pla ce s to put s tyle comma nds
Exte rna l: Affe cts a ll docume nts it's a tta che d
to
Inte rna l: Affe cts only docume nt it a ppe a rs in
Inline : Affe cts only te xt it's a pplie d to
Ca s ca ding me a ns s tyle s ' "pe cking
orde r"
P re ce de nce is : Inline > Inte rna l > Exte rna l
S e e ms ba ckwa rd, but it couldn't work a ny
othe r wa y; for e xa mple …
P icture a docume nt whos e s tyle s he e t
s pe cifie s Ve rda na a s the font, with one
22. Wha t Ca n CS S Control?
Almos t e ve rything
P a ge ba ckground, colors , ima ge s , fonts a nd
te xt, ma rgins a nd s pa cing, he a dings ,
pos itioning, links , lis ts , ta ble s , curs ors , e tc.
W3C inte nds CS S to "…re lie ve HTML
of the re s pons ibility of pre s e nta tion."
Tra ns la tion: "Don't bug us for ne w ta gs ;
cha nge e xis ting ta gs & ma ke your own us ing
CS S ."
Ide a is to put a ll forma tting in CS S
To tha t e nd, ma ny ta gs a re "de pre ca te d" by
CS S : <font>, <ba s e font>, <ce nte r>,
23. Coding CS S Rule s
Rule s ha ve ve ry s pe cific pa rts a nd s ynta x
Rule s ha ve two ba s ic pa rts : s e le ctor a nd de cla ra tion
De cla ra tion a ls o ha s two pa rts : prope rty a nd va lue
rule
h2 { font-style : italic ; }
property
selector
value
declaration
S e le ctor te lls the rule wha t to modify
De cla ra tion te lls the rule how to modify it
24. CS S Rule P la ce me nt
In a s e pa ra te .CS S file
Affe cts a ll pa ge s to which it is linke d
.CS S re fe re nce d by pa ge s with <link> ta g
In the <he a d> of a n .HTM pa ge
Affe cts only pa ge in which it a ppe a rs
Rule s a re code d in <s tyle ></s tyle >
conta ine r
In a n HTML ta g in pa ge <body>
Affe cts only te xt to which it is a tta che d
De cla ra tions a re code d a s a ttribute =
" v a lue " pa irs , e .g., s tyle ="color: blue ;"
25. Linking To An Exte rna l CS S
Do not put <s tyle ></s tyle > ta gs in
the .CS S file ; this will pre ve nt it from
working
Add CS S rule s a s ne e de d; bre a k line s
whe re ne ce s s a ry; forma t a s de s ire d
S a ve a s file na m e .cs s
Re fe re nce .CS S in <he a d> of .HTM(s )
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="mystyles.css">
</head>
26. Adding S tyle s To A S ingle P a ge
Within docume nt's <he a d>, ins e rt a
<s tyle ></s tyle > conta ine r
Code rule s e xa ctly a s you would in a n
e xte rna l .CS S
<head>
<style>
h2 { font-style: italic; color: red; }
p { font-family: "Verdana, Arial, sansserif"; font-size: 12pt;
color: blue; }
</style>
</head>
27. Adding S tyle s To An HTML Ta g
Within a ta g's < >, code a n
a ttribute = " va lue " pa ir de fining s tyle
cha ra cte ris tics
Tip: Wa tch out for ne s te d quote s
<h1 style = "font: small-caps bold
italic; font-family: 'Verdana, Arial,
sans-serif'; color: #008080; textalign: center;">Gettysburg Address
(First Draft)</h1>
<p style = "font-family: Times;
color: #800000; font-weight: bold;">
Four score and seven beers ago…</p>
28. J a va S cript Intro
Wha t J a va S cript is n’t
J a va (obje ct-orie nte d progra mming la ngua ge )
A "progra mme rs -only" la ngua ge
Wha t J a va S cript is
Exte ns ion to HTML (s upport de pe nds on
brows e r)
An a cce s s ible , obje ct-ba s e d s cripting
la ngua ge
Wha t J a va S cript is for
Inte ra ctivity with the us e r:
* input (us e r provide s da ta to a pplica tion)
* proce s s ing (a pplica tion ma nipula te s da ta )
* output (a pplica tion provide s re s ults to us e r)
29. Imple me nting J a va S cript (1)
Dire ct ins e rtion into pa ge (imme dia te )
In <s cript></s cript> conta ine r within
docume nt he a d or body
Dire ct ins e rtion into pa ge (de fe rre d)
In <s cript></s cript> conta ine r a nd ins ide
function { … } de finition within docume nt
he a d or body
Through e xte rna l re fe re nce s
In e xte rna l .js file s (imme dia te /de fe rre d)
Much like CS S e xte rna l re fe re nce
Embe dde d inline
Within othe r ta gs (a s a ttribute va lue s )
30. Imple me nting J a va S cript (2a )
Dire ct ins e rtion into pa ge (imme dia te )
<body><p>Today is
<script>document.write( Date() );
</script></p>
Dire ct ins e rtion into pa ge (de fe rre d)
<head><script>
function dwd()
{
document.write( Date() );
}
</script></head>
. . .
<body><p>Today is <script>dwd();
</script></p>
31. Imple me nting J a va S cript (2b)
Through e xte rna l re fe re nce s
(imme dia te /de fe rre d de pe nds on s cript
file 's conte nts )
<script src="swapimgs.js"></script>
Embe dde d inline a s a ttribute va lue s
<img id="pic1" src="somepic.jpg"
onmouseover="swapin('pic1')"
onmouseout="swapout('pic1')">
. . .
<input type="button" value="Buy Now"
onclick="placeOrder('ordform')"
</input>
32. Ke y La ngua ge Compone nts
Obje cts
Things on a pa ge ; think no un
Attribute s
P rope rtie s of obje cts ; think a d je c tiv e
Me thods
Actions ta ke n by obje cts ; think v e rb
S ta te me nts
Line s of a s s e mble d compone nts ; think
s e nte nc e
Functions
Na me d groups of s ta te me nts ; think p a ra g ra p h
33. P rogra mming Cons tructs
Va ria ble s
Na me d e le me nts tha t ca n cha nge va lue
Da ta type s
Inte ge r, floa ting-point, Boole a n, s tring
Ope ra tors
As s ignme nt, compa ris on, a rithme tic,
Boole a n, s tring, s pe cia l
Control s ta te me nts
Conditions , loops
Ke ywords
Re s e rve d words with s pe cia l me a ning
34. A Fe w J S Exa mple s
(1)
S ome ba s ic J a va S cripts
To ge t the da y of the month
var day = new Date().getDate();
To do s ome thing te n time s
for (var x=0; x<10; x++)
{
document.write( x * x );
}
To ma ke a de cis ion a nd a ct on it
if (username == "Bob")
{ userisknown = true;
displayWelcomeBack(username); }
else
{ userisknown = false;
displayFirstLogin(username); }
35. A Fe w J S Exa mple s
(2)
S ome more ba s ic J a va S cripts
To write s ome thing into the pa ge
document.write("<b>Welcome, " +
uname + "</b>");
To ma ke a ca lcula tion
pcent = score / 100;
To s how the us e r a me s s a ge box
alert("Score: " + pcent + "%");
To put s ome te xt on the Windows clipboa rd
mycb = "daveg~armadillo";
clipboardData.setData("Text",mycb);
To force a jump to a nothe r pa ge
window.location="anotherpage.htm";
36. S umma ry
Mos t We b pa ge s – re mote or loca l –
a re a combina tion of thos e te chnologie s
Ra w conte nt, pla ce d ins ide …
HTML ta gs , forma tte d with…
CS S rule s , inte ra ctivity produce d by…
J a va S cript s cripts
Ne we r te chnologie s like DHTML,
XHTML, a nd XML a re ba s e d on the s e
A little knowle dge now ca n pre pa re you for
ne w te chnologie s a nd he lp you ke e p up
with your pe e rs , your bos s … a nd your kids !