The document provides an introduction to the Indian constitution. It defines a constitution as the fundamental principles by which a country is governed. It explains that the Indian constitution came into effect on January 26, 1950 after being drafted over a period of around 3 years. The constitution establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic with goals of justice, liberty, equality and fraternity as expressed in the preamble. It outlines some key features of the Indian constitution including fundamental rights and duties of citizens.

1. WELC
ME

4. INTRODUCTION TO
CONSTITUTION
 The system of fundamental
principles according to
which a nation, state,
corporation, or the like, is
governed.

5. Importance of CONSTITUTION
A Constitution tells us what the
fundamental nature of our society is.
A Constitution helps serve as a set of rules
and principles that all persons in a
country can agree upon as the basis of
the way in which they want the country
to be governed.
The second important purpose of a
Constitution is to define the nature of a
country’s political system.

6. • After completion of this topic students get the knowledge of
our Constitution which they followed.
• Students known their fundamental rights and duties, also
known their limits as an Indian by understanding the
fundamental rights and fundamental duties.
• They had the skill to explain our rights and duties to others
by their knowledge and understanding of our Constitution.

7. In this topic we learn about constitution and it`s
importance and key features of constitution of
India
Aldo we learn the six fundamental rights that
have each and every citizen in india like Right to
equality, Right to freedom, Right to cultural and
educational rights like that.
At lost we learn about the fundamental duties
which should be followed by every citizen in
India.

8. In August 1947, the Drafting
Committee was set up, under
Dr. B.R.Ambedkar.
 On 26 November 1949, the
final Draft of the Constitution
was adopted by the
Constituent Assembly
Constitution of India came
into force on 26 January 1950.
Totally takes 2 years 11
months 18 days.

9. Jawaharlal Nehru
Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
Babu Rajendra Prasad
K.M. Munshi
Rajagopala Chary
Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru
Abul Kalam Azad

10. Indian Constitution starts with the
Preamble. The preamble is an in
introduction to the Constitution. It
reveals the aspiration of the fathers
of the Constitution.
The preamble declares that India is
a SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR,
DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC; and the
people enjoy JUSTICE, LIBERTY,
EQUALITY and FRATERNITY.

11. Sovereign State means taking
self-decisions in all the
matters without the pressure
of other states.
Our country frames internal
(home) and foreign policies
independently without
yielding to the external forces.

12. The state which reduces the
economic inequalities among
its people and strives for
their economic development
is a socialist state.
The word “Socialist State”
has been added in the
preamble to the Constitution
in 1976 through 42nd
amendment.

13.  A secular state is one in which the
state does not officially promote
any one religion as the state
religion . The Constitution plays a
crucial role in laying out the ideals
that we would like all citizens of
the country to adhere to, including
the representatives that we elect to
rule us.

14. India is a Democratic
State. Democracy is the
government of the
people, for the people
and by the people. The
Constituent assembly
elected by the people
framed the constitution
according to the wishes
of the people.

15. If the head of the state is
not a hereditary king or
queen but an elected
representative, it is a
republic.
A democratic state alone
can become a republic.

16. JUSTICE:
The Preamble to Indian
Constitution assured
social, economic and
political justice to all its
citizens.
Justice is done only when
it is given equally to all.

17. LIBERTY:
The preamble to the
Constitution assures
liberty to citizens for
thinking, expressing and
worshipping according to
one’s own belief and
faith. The fundamental
rights are granted to
them with a view to
safeguarding liberty.

18.  All the citizens are equal in the eyes
of the government irrespective of
their differences.
 All the citizens get equal
opportunities for development.
 The preamble to our Constitution
assured opportunities to all citizens
to achieve equal status.

19. The preamble to Constitution
desired to achieve fraternity
by enhancing the individual
respect and inculcating
National Integrity.
The word “fraternity” is
included in the preamble with
a view to sow the seeds of
brotherhood in the minds of
the people.

20. There are some unique
and outstanding features
in the Indian Constitution
which are not found in
other Constitutions.
These unique features
brought specialty to our
Constitution.

21. Our constitution is one of
the Lenthiestic
constitution in the world.
At present there are 444
articles and 12 schedules
in our Constitution.

22. The procedure of amendment
to the constitution reveals
weather a Constitution is rigid
or flexible
Our Constitution in respect of
certain subjects is amended
through a simple legislative
procedure adopted for
enacting a bill.

23. UNITARY AND FEDERAL STATE
 This refers to the existence of more than
one level of government in the country.
In India, we have governments at the
state level and at the centre. Panchayati
Raj is the third tier of government.
While each state in India enjoys
autonomy in exercising powers on
certain issues, subjects of national
concern require that all of these states
follow the laws of the central
government.

24. Constitution of India guarantees
universal adult suffrage for all
citizens. The people of India
have a direct role in electing
their representatives. Also,
every citizen of the country,
irrespective of his/her social
background, can also contest
in elections.

25. Single Citizenship done in
India by deliberately with a
view to curb
distruptiveforces and
safeguard national intigrity

26. The constitution provided
safeguards for an
independent judiciary.
The Supreme Court of
India is given the power to
review the acts passed by
the legislatures.

27.  According to the Constitution, there
are three organs of the State. These
are the legislature, the executive and
the judiciary. The legislature refers to
our elected representatives. The
executive is a smaller group of
people who are responsible for
implementing laws and running the
government. The judiciary refers to
the system of courts in this country.

28. 
The section on Fundamental Rights
has often been
referred to as the ‘conscience’ of the
Indian Constitution.
Fundamental
Rights,protect citizens against the
arbitrary and absolute exercise of
power by the State. The Constitution,
thus,
guarantees the rights of
individuals against the State as well
as against other individuals. The
Constitution, also guarantees the
rights of minorities against the
majority.

29. 
All persons are equal before
the law. This means that all
persons shall be equally
protected by the laws of the
country . Every person has
access to all public places
including playgrounds, hotels,
shops etc.

30.  This includes the right to
freedom of speech and
expression , the right to form
associations, the right to move
freely and reside in any part of
the country, and the right to
practise
any
profession,
occupation or business.

31. 
The Constitution
prohibits
trafficking,
forced labour , and
children working under
14 years of age.

32. 
Religious freedom is
provided to all citizens.Every
person has the right to
practise , profess and
propagate the religion of their
choice.

33. 
The Constitution states that
all minorities , religious or
linguistic, can set up their own
educational institutions in
order to preserve and develop
their own culture.

34. This
allows citizens to move
the court if they believe that
any of their Fundamental
Rights have been violated by
the State.

35. These are the guidelines
given to central and state
government to implement
and achieve the highest
ideals splet out in the
preamble to the
Constitution

36. Encouraging cottage
industries.
Providing compulsory
education
Improving the standard of
living.
Prohibition
Educational and Economic
development of the
weaker sections

38. 1. To abide by the
constitution and to
respect ideals of
constitution and
institutions, the
National Flag and
the National
Anthem.

39. TEN FUNDANMANTAL DUTIES
2. To cherish and follow
the noble ideals
which inspired our
national struggle for
freedom.

40. TEN FUNDANMANTAL DUTIES
3. To uphold and protect
the sovereignty, unity
and integrity of India.

41. TEN FUNDANMANTAL DUTIES
4. To defend the
country and render
national service when
called upon to do so.

42. TEN FUNDANMANTAL DUTIES
5. To promote harmony and
the spirit of common
brotherhood amongst all
the people of India
linguistic and regional or
sectional diversities; to
renounce practices
derogatory to the dignity
of women

43. TEN FUNDANMANTAL DUTIES
6. To value and
preserve the rich
heritage of our
composite culture

44. TEN FUNDANMANTAL DUTIES
7. To protect and
improve the natural
environment
including forests,
lakes, rivers and wild
life, and to have
compassion for living
creatures

45. TEN FUNDANMANTAL DUTIES
8. To develop the
scientific temper,
humanism and the
spirit of inquiry and
reform.

46. TEN FUNDANMANTAL DUTIES
9. To safeguard public
property and to abjure
violence

47. TEN FUNDANMANTAL DUTIES
10. To strive towards
excellence in all spheres
of individual and
collective activity so that
the nation constantly
rises to higher levels of
Endeavour and
achievement.