kimia organik

1. PRAKTIKUM KIMIA
ORGANIK
GENERAL RULES AND
PRACTICES
By: Dr. Deana Wahyuningrum

2. GENERAL INFORMATION
GENERAL RULES: TASKS AND OBLIGATIONS OF STUDENTS
1ST
WEEK
Experiment-01: THE SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION OF LIQUID
MATERIALS: Distillation and Boiling Points
Experiment-02: THE SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION OF SOLID
MATERIALS: Recrystallization and Melting Points
2ND
WEEK
Experiment -03: EXTRACTION: The Isolation of Caffeine from Tea
and Tests for Alkaloid Identification
3RD
WEEK
Experiment–04: COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY AND THIN LAYER
CHROMATOGRAPHY: The Isolation of Curcumin from Turmeric
(Kunyit, Curcuma longa)
4TH
WEEK
Experiment-05: ALCOHOL AND PHENOL: Properties and Chemical
Reactions
Experiment-06: ALDEHYDE AND KETONE: Properties and Chemical
Reactions
5TH
WEEK
Experiment-07: ESTERIFICATION OF PHENOL: The Synthesis of
Aspirin
6TH
WEEK
Experiment-08: THE ISOLATION OF ETHYL-p-METHOXYCINNAMATE
FROM KENCUR (Kaempferia galanga L.) AND THE SYNTHESIS
OF p-METHOXYCINNAMIC ACID

3. Several things you have to remember
and understand:
 Generally, organic chemistry reactions proceed slowly, how to speed up the
reactions?
 In order to gain more products and to have a more completed reaction,
usually require more reactants used, how would the excess of reactants
affect the products? And how to eliminate the remaining excess of reactants
from products?
 Every reaction require certain conditions, such as temperature, that would
determine the completion of reaction, how do those conditions could be
achieved?
 There are some specific technic used in organic laboratory works, such as
extractions, distillation, chromatography, etc., those technics should be well
performed during the works, how do those technics could be mastered
skillfully?
 Understand and aware how to deal with the danger and hazard while
working in the place where many toxic, flammable and unstable reagents
stored.
 You have to keep working in tidiness, calmness, careful and you should
ready to learn more from every experience you had during laboratory works
using the theory that you have been learnt from class.

4. IMPORTANT THINGS YOU HAVE TO
KEEP IN MIND:
 No additional laboratory works! If you absence at one of the
laboratory sessions, then there won’t be any replacements of
laboratory sessions. If you got sick, then you have to submit
the doctor or your parents notification letter to your laboratory
supervisor in charge as soon as possible.
 It is forbidden to eat, drink, smoking, chattering during the
works in laboratory
 Laboratory is a place to do the experiments according to the
procedures explained by the laboratory works supervisor
 YOU HAVE TO REPLACE THE BROKEN OR MISSING
APPARATUS/EQUIPMENTS AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. IF
YOU DO NOT REPLACE THEM ON THE DUE DATE THAT
HAVE BEEN DETERMINED, THEN YOUR MARK WILL
BECOME T OR E.

5. SAFETY PROCEDURES
 Awareness - Communication
BE FAMILIAR with the locations and
operation of safety and emergency facilities
such as fire extinguishers, first aid kits, spill
kits, emergency wash facilities, fire alarm pull
stations, telephones, and emergency exits.
BE ALERT to unsafe conditions.
PROMPTLY REPORT unsafe conditions and
accidents to your supervisor.

6. SAFETY PROCEDURES
 Personal Protective Equipment - Proper Attire
 Wear clothing appropriate for the level of hazard. Lab coats
(knee-length) and proper footwear are required for work
involving chemicals, biohazards or radioisotopes. Gloves
and safety glasses or safety goggles must be worn as
required by the work being performed.
 NEVER WEAR CONTACT LENSES when working with
hazardous chemicals, unless wearing safety goggles.
 Open and/or high-heeled shoes must NEVER be worn in
laboratories.
 Long hair must be tied back or otherwise restrained when
working with chemicals, biohazards, open flames or moving
machinery.
 Leave behind protective equipment (lab coats, gloves, etc.)
when leaving the work area, except when going directly
from one laboratory to another.
 Wash hands and arms with soap and water before leaving
the work area.

7. SAFETY PROCEDURES

8. SAFETY PROCEDURES
 Conducting Experiments
 NEVER perform unauthorized work, preparations or
experiments.
 Consider safety issues BEFORE beginning work. Refer to
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) prior to using a
product.
 Check all equipment for damage prior to setting up
experimental apparatus.
 Select a suitable location. Experiments involving hazardous
materials should be done in a vented fume hood.
 ADVISE assistants or supervisors of experiments in
progress.
 DO NOT leaves an experiment unattended if it represents a
potentially hazardous situation.
 If necessary, POST SUITABLE WARNING SIGNS if
hazardous situation is present and left unattended.
 Include your name and the extension where you can be
reached.
 Perform a safety check at the end of each experiment. Make
sure that gas, water, electricity, vacuum lines, air and

9. SAFETY PROCEDURES
 Proper Handling of Hazardous Materials
 Work with materials only when you know their flammability,
reactivity, toxicity, and the emergency procedures associated with
these materials. Refer to MSDS.
 Transport hazardous chemicals (eg. solvents) and chemical waste
in approved bottle carriers or on special waste cart, if available.
 NEVER pipette by mouth.
 Clean up spills immediately if trained and able to do so.
 NEVER taste anything in the lab, never eat anything in the lab, and
always wash your hands when you leave the lab for the day.
 Always turn the fume hoods on when you are working in the lab. If
you are carrying out an operation in which vapors (other than
those of water or ethyl alcohol) will be released into the air, do it
under a hood.
 If you spill a volatile material wipe it up with paper towels and
deposit the towels in a fume hood, not in a wastebasket.
 If you get a chemical on you, wash it off immediately with lots of
water (and soap, if it is not readily water-soluble), EXCEPT
IRRITANT/CORROSIVE CHEMICALS SUCH AS: CONCENTRATED
H2SO4, PHENOL, BROMINE (IN ONE OF THESE CASES: DO NOT
WASH WITH WATER!!!).
 DO NOT WORK WITH ETHER (Diethyl ether) UNLESS THE
WORKPLACE IS FREE FROM ANY FLAMES OR FIRE!!

10. SAFETY PROCEDURES
 INJURIES
 If you are injured in the laboratory, inform your instructor or
supervisor. If the injury is not trivial, seek medical attention.
If you are ambulatory and otherwise feel OK, get someone
to accompany you to the infirmary. If you do not feel well,
get someone to call Public Safety Emergency.
 BE PREPARED
 Know the location of the fire extinguishers, showers, fire
blanket and eye wash facilities.
 Read and understand the experimental procedure before
you arrive in lab. If you don’t understand, ask. Executing
each step of the procedure without being aware of what
could or should happen next, or being unaware of what you
should do next, is likely to cause poor results and perhaps
an accident.

11. SAFETY PROCEDURES
SPECIFIC RULES:
 All students have to enter the laboratory on time (at 1 AM for afternoon
session).
 All students have to wear laboratory coat before enter the laboratory.
 All students have to sign the admitance form directly while entering
the laboratory.
 Report and submit the results, either data or products resulted from
experiments, that have been assesed by assistants.
 All apparatus or equipments that has been used should be returned or
kept in place in clean and dry condition. The laborans will check the
properness and numbers of apparatus and equipments used by
students.
 The experiments have to be terminated before 5 AM (for afternoon
session).
 All students have to check:
 Whether all the apparatus or equipments borrowed have been returned to
the stockroom?
 Whether the laboratory desk and floor have been cleaned?
 Whether the laboratory journal has been signed by assistants?
 Whether the gas and water faucets have been closed tightly?
 Wheter the electricity sources have been plug out?
 If everything have been checked well, then all of students may leave
the laboratory.

12. INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENTS OF STUDENTS
DO NOT FORGET TO PREPARE:
 The laboratory journal or laboratory workbook:
 The book should be coverd y coloured wrapping paper (same
colour per group)
 The student’s identities must be written on the front cover of
laboratory journal (name, NIM, group, no.laboratory desk or locker.
 Pre-Lab Assignments have to be submitted at each laboratory
session. This assignments have to be handwritten. Do not
forget to write your name, NIM and group.
 and bring the following equipments that might be needed
during the laboratory works: stationary, matches or lighter,
handkerchief, napkin, tissue, scissors, cutter.

13. THE LABORATORY JOURNAL OR WORKBOOK
 The title and number of experiment
 The aims or objectives of experiment
 Short description of theory or basic concepts of each
experiments. This description should not more than 200 words.
 Physical and chemical properties data of each reagent used in
experiments. Students have to search the data from handbook,
textbook or internet.
 List the reagents and equipments needed in experiment (draw the
equipments setup if needed).
 Experiment flowchart to help student understand each step of
procedures well.
 The table of procedures and results, which contain short
descriptions of procedures and results.
 The calculation section
 List of references used

14. EXPERIMENT FLOWCHART

15. TABLE OF PROCEDURES AND RESULTS

16. LABORATORY WORKS REPORT
 The report should be written well and readable on A4 HVS
paper.
 The report consists of the similar lists as laboratory journal
with some additional notes:
 - More comphrehensive theory
 - Discussion
 - Conclusion
 Discussion and the truthfulness of data is the most being
valued in report grading, therefore you have to be more
focus in writing the discussion.
 You have to submit the report on the next laboratory
session. Do not be late, otherwise your report will not be
graded.
 The data form that has been signed by laboratory assistant
have to be submitted directly at the end of each of your
laboratory session.

17. SOME GENERAL BASIC PRACTICES
 Setting up distillation apparatus.
 Performing Recrystallization.
 Performing Extraction.
 Preparing column chromatography.
 Setting up reflux (continuous reaction)
apparatus.

43. SELAMAT BEKERJA!!