3. The vowel inventory
Front central back
high
mid
low
The picture below show
the mouth cavity and it
spread neutral rounded is equivalent grid in
which the tonge is
moved up-down or back
to utter the vowel
sound
4. In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language, such
as English ah! [ɑː] or [oʊ], pronounced with an open
oh!
vocal tract so that there is no build-up of air pressure at
any point above the glottis. This contrasts with consonants,
such as English sh! [ʃː], where there is a constriction or
closure at some point along the vocal tract. A vowel is also
understood to be syllabic: an equivalent open but non-
syllabic sound is called a semivowel.
5. The word vowel comes
from the Latin word
vocalis, meaning
"speaking", because[citati
on needed] in most
languages words and
thus speech are not
possible without vowels.
In English, the word
vowel is commonly used
to mean both vowel
sounds and the written
symbols that represent
them.
6. DIPHTHONGS
When vowels
occur in
combinations,
they are called
diphthongs,
A diphthong
starts in one
position and
moves to
another position
or viceversa.
7. VOWELS VOWEL PRODUCTION
The aspects
Is a speech sound
consederer to
produced by
determine the vowel
human beings
features are as
when the breath
follows:
flows out
throught mouth
without being Every vowel is voiced in
blocked by teeth both languages; vowel
tonge or lips quality are clssified as
simple and complex.
Other is tongue position:
high middle low.
vowels are Area these are front
characterized by the central or back . Muscle
relative height/ tention are tense or lax .
frontness of the tonge And the lip shape spread
and relaativerounding neutral and rounded.
of the lips
8. SPANISH VOWEL PHONEME QUADRANT
area
front central back
T m
/i/ /u/
o u
high
n s
t cl
g e
e e
n
mid
/e/ /o/ s
p t
e e
o
si n
ti ti
low
o /a/ o
n n
Spread neutral rounded
Lip shape
9. ENGLISH VOWEL PHONEME QUADRANT
area
front central back
T
/iy/ /uw/ tense m
o
high
u
n
s
g
/I/ /ʊ/ cl
e
e
mid
/ey/
p /ə/ /ow/
/ɛ/ t
o
e
si
low
n
ti /æ/ /ɔ/ lax ti
o /a/ o
n
n
Spread neutral rounded
Lip shape
10. FRENCH VOWEL area
PHONEME QUADRANT
front central back
Grave-
Aigue-antérieure centralisée
T postérgueme
m
o /i/ /y/ /u/
Ferme Te u
n
high
n
s
g Mi- d
ue cl
e ferme
/e/ /ø/ /o/ e
moyenne
p
mid
/ə/ t
o
e
si R n
ti Mi- /ɛ/ / / /œ/ /ɔ/ /ɔ/ e
ti
o ouverte /œ/ l
low
a o
n /ã/ /∝/ c
ouverte n
h
é
NA A Neutre NA A
Spread neutral rounded
Lip shape
11. SPANISH /i/ with ENGLISH /iy/ and /I/
The fronto section of the tongue
rises to make contact both sides of
Spanish /i/ the upper lateral teeth
Tonge is positioned forward and
English high in the oral cavity with the
/IY/ sides in contact with the teeth
laterally and the tip positioned
behind the lower teeth.
The tonge is positined forward
and slightly lower, with the sides
English /I/ in contact with the teeth laterally
and the tip positineed behind the
lower teeth.
12. SPANISH /e/ with ENGLISH /ey/ and /ɛ/
English /ɛ/
Spanish /e/ English /ey/
The tonge is positioned
The dorso section of The tonge is positioned forward and high in the
the tonge reaches the forward and high in the oral cavity with the sides
borders of the hard oral cavity with it is sides in contact with the
palatal making a in contact with the lateral lateral teeth and the tip
groove between the teeth. The lips are spread placed behind the lower
tongue and the and retracted. teeth. The lips are
palatal.
spread and retracted.
13. The dorso section of the
tongue moves up wards
Spanish gently to the central area of
/a/ the oral cavity the tongue
remains moveless.
The tongue positioned
slightly forward and low in
SPANISH /a/ English the oral cavity with the apex
with ENGLISH / æ/ positioned behind the lower
/a/ and /æ/ teeth.
The tonge is slightly back and
English low in the oral cavity with the
/a/ tip of the tonge placing
behind the lower front teeth.
14. ENGLISH /ə/ The schwa is the common
vowel in spoken english ant
it is a quite short vowel
sound in many ligtly
pronounced unstressed
Occurs in english but it does syllables inmultisyllabic
not in spanish. words.
The tonge is
It sometimes signified by positioned in the
the pronunciation”uh” middle of the oral
cavity
The schwa happens
mostly as part of
unstressed syllables
15. The tonge is retracted backwards
Spanish /o/ the oral cavity. The postdorso
section of the tongue moves up
towards the soft palatale. Lips are
rounded
The tongue is
Spanish /o/ positioned back
English
with in a low-med
/ɔ/
english /ɔ/ position with
And /ow/ respect to the
height.
The dorso section of the
English tongue is moved
/ow/ backwards. The lips are
rounded and protruded.
16. A diphthong DIPHTHONGS
is a
phonological
group
consisting of
a vowel
sound
followed by ENGLISH DIPHTHONGS
a non-
adjacent
glide within
the same
A diphthong is a complex vowel, made of two
syllable
components; a diphthong begins as one vowel and
finishes as another.
Happen in inital-diphthong
Usually, the two components can be
position, they are
referred to as a nucleus and an off-glide.
semiconsonants, but when they
occur in final-diphthong
position, they are semivowels
17. ENGLISH DIPHTHONG CHART
area
T M
o front central back u
n s
/iy/ /uw/
tense
g high
c
u le
e mid
low /a/ /ɔ/ t
p e
o n
si spread neutral rounded ti
ti o
o n
n
Lip shape
18. SPANISH DIPHTHONGS
The vowels in spanish can be classified as either weak, <iu>
or strong more and the classificaton can determine when
combinations of two or more vowels are considered to
form a separated syllable
/a/ /a/
/y/
/e/ /e/
/w/
/o/ /o/
19. SPANISH DIPHTHONG CHART
area
T
o M
n front central back u
g /i/ /u/ s
u high
c
e le
tense
/e/ /o/
mid
p t
o low e
si /a/ n
ti ti
spread neutral rounded
o o
n n
Lip shape
20. ENGLISH AND SPANISH
DIPHTHONGS
English and
English and
spanish diphthong
spanish diphthong
/ay/
/aw/
This diphthong production is
This diphthong production is pretty similar in both
similar in both languages. The languages. The picture
picture sequence show the sequence show how the
tongue moves from the low- tongue moves from the low-
central position to the high- front central position to the
back position. The lip change high-front position. The lips
their shape from neutra to change their shape from
rounded during this diphthong neutral to spread during this
production. diphthong production
21. Vowels (Vocales)
Spanish has 5 A is similar to English a in car,
vowels: A, E, I, O
but two times shorter;
and U:
All Spanish E is similar to English e in pet,
vowels are open but is more open;
and they vary
I is pronounced similar to
only slightly in
stressed and English i in fit;
unstressed O is similar to English aw in
positions, opened
law, but two times shorter;
and closed
syllables, cf.: U is similar to English u in put.
22. OPEN CLOSED
SYLLABLES SYLLABLES
tomar to
macho male take
fecha date comer to eat
sino but servir to
serve
23. ENGLISH DIPTHONG
A diphthong, also known as a
gliding vowel, refers to two
adjacent vowel sounds occurring
within the same syllable.
Technically, a diphthong is a
vowel with two different targets:
That is, the tongue moves during
the pronunciation of the vowel.
In most dialects of English, the
words eye, hay, boy, low, and
cow contain diphthongs.
24. SPANISH DIPTHONG
When a Spanish word has two
vowels side by side, various
pronunciation issues come into
play: syllable division,
diphthongs, and hiatus.
In terms of syllable division,
Spanish vowels are divided into
two categories: strong vowels
(A, E, O) and weak vowels (I, U).
25. ENGLISH AND
SPANISH DIPHTHONG
/oy/ / /ɔy/
English /ɔy/ Spanish /oy/
The tongue moves from the tongue moves from
mid-low back position the mid backposition to
to high front position. the high front.lips are
The lips are rounded rounded and become
become spread. spread.
26. SPANISH RISING DIPHTHONGS
Is voiced,complex non adjancent glide, high front becoming low central tense spread
/ya/ becoming neutral
/ye/ Voiced complex-adjacent glide high front becoming low front tense spreads
/yo/ Voiced. Complex-non adjacent glide high front becoming mid back tense spread
bocoming rounded
/yw/ Voiced complex-non adjacent glide high front bocoming mid back tense spread
becoming rounded.
Voiced complex-non adjacent glide high back becoming low central tense rounded
/wa/ becoming neutral
Voiced complex-non adjacent glide high back becoming mid front tense rounded
/we/ becoming spread.
Voiced complex non adjacent glide high back becoming high front tense rounded
/wy/
becoming spread.
/wo/ Voiced complex adjacent glide high back becoming mid tense rounded.
27. SPANISH FALLING DIPHTHONGS
Voiced complex non adjacent glide low central becoming
high front tense neutral becoming spread
/ay/
Voiced complex adjacent glide mid front becoming high
/ey/ front tense spread
Voiced complex non adjacent glide mid front becoming
/ew/ high back tense spread becoming rounded
28. FALLING
DIPHTHONG
Definition
A diphthong (as ȯi in
ˈ iz noise) composed
nȯ
of a vowel followed by a
less sonorous glide
29. a diphthong in
which the first of the
two apparent vocalic
elements is of greater
stress or sonority and
the second is of lesser
stress or sonority, as in
(ī), (ou), (oi), etc.
30. ARTICULATOR AND POINT OF ARTICULATION
Point the Manner of
The articulator cavity
articulation articulation
Is the doer of Is any part of It refers to the way
the It concerns how air flows out
the mouth during the production
articulation the place
that can be of a sound. The sound
and moves where air
reached by might be stop
freely enough goes through.
the fricative nasal lateral
to be active in It can be the
articulator. It vibrant affricateor a
the apeech. It mouth or continuant. The
is also known
is also known nasal cavity. manner of consonants
as Major
as Major passive describes the manner
Active in which airflow is
articulator restricted.
Articulator
31. PHONEMIC AND PHONETIC CONSONANT CONTRAST OF
CONTRAST. ENGLISH AND
SPANISH STOPS
The active articulator touches the passive
articulator and completely cuts of the airflow
through the mouth.
STOP OR English and spanish stops include: /p/ /b/ /t/
PLOSIVE /d/ /k/ /g/. If /p/ /t/ or /k/ are pronounced at
the beginning of an english words a strong
puff of breath will be felt. It is called
aspiration
HOMORGANIC
This refers to sounds made at the same
SOUNDS place of articulation literally, with the
same organ.
