DNA and MUTATIONS

Warning
This website contains informations that are exclusively
for the
access of agents only
Sí
Are you a part of the organization?
Noí

Who is the agent?
********************
Enter Code

Who is the agent?
Caporegime Boss Consigliere Associate

DNA AND MUTATIONS
PLAY + MY LIST
Presented by Group Three.
2022 TV-PG
Home Documents Person of Interests Messages Boss’s Commands

Agent
Villaluna
Has the absolute control over the other
members of the organization. She is greatly
feared for her ruthlessness and willingness
to exert their influence and profits In which
the organization engages.
Boss of the Organization

• change or mistake in a DNA
sequence
• Most are harmful
• Produce variety in a species,
essential for evolution
• mutations are the ones that
cause disease.
MUTATION

DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
• are found inside a special area of the cell
called the nucleus
• these building blocks are made of three
parts: a phosphate group, a sugar group
and one of four types of nitrogen bases.
• To form a strand of DNA, nucleotides are
linked into chains, with the phosphate and
sugar groups alternating.

Cytosine
• nitrogenous base
derived from
pyrimidine that
occurs in nucleic
acids
Adenine
Guanine Thymine
• it's used for building
DNA and RNA as
well as storing
energy in the cell.
• power chemical
reactions and are
involved in signaling
inside the cell.
• It helps to stabilize
nucleic acid
structures.

can occur due to different factors but one of the main
reason of this even is the result of the DNA copying
mistakes which are made during the cell division.
is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or
more daughter cells, allowing organisms to transfer their
genetic material to their offspring.
Mutation
Cell Division

Agent
Katigbak
A fearless woman who are feared because
of her skillful tactics in mind games. Known
for her intelligence, the heiress of the
organization and the right-hand woman of
the leader.
Consigliere of the Organization

is a change in one base in
the DNA sequence. Are
frequently the result of
mistakes made during DNA
replication. such as through
exposure to X-rays or to
ultraviolet radiation. It is the
type of mutation affecting
only one or very few
nucleotides in a gene
sequence.
POINT MUTATION

The insertion or addition of a
base into a gene
sequence. When one or more
nucleotides are inserted into the
genetic sequence, the reading
frame is disrupted during
transcription, and eventually,
translation. This may result in
an altered sequence of amino
acids, extra amino acid in a
chain, or premature termination.
INSERTION

when one or more bases in the
sequence is replaced by the
same number of bases. One
base is incorrectly added during
replication and replaces the pair
in the corresponding position on
the complementary strand.
Human Disease Linked to this
Mutation : Sickle-cell anemia
SUBSTITUTION

Sickle-cell anemia
a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in both
copies of a person's HBB gene. This gene
encodes a component of hemoglobin, the
oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. The
mutation causes hemoglobin molecules to stick
together, creating sickle-shaped red blood cells.

when a segment of a
chromosome is reversed end
to end.One region of a
chromosome is flipped and
reinserted. Human Disease
Linked to this Mutation :
Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome
INVERSION

Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome

when a base is deleted from a
sequence.One or more
nucleotides is "skipped" during
replication or otherwise excised,
often resulting in a
frameshift. Human Disease
Linked to this Mutation : Cystic
fibrosis
DELETION

Cystic fibrosis
caused by mutation in a gene called the
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance
regulator (CFTR) gene. It is an inherited
genetic disease that causes sticky, thick
mucus to build up in organs, including the
lungs and the pancreas making the airways
clogs which makes it difficult to breathe.

Agent Lee
Known for his major social status and
influence in the organization. The captain in
the organization who is skilled in hand to
hand combat.
Caporegime of the Organization

• a change in one or more nucleotides of DNA
• a change in many genes
• loss of one or more genes
• rearrangement of genes or whole chromosomes
Causes of a Gene Mutation

creates structures called
thymine dimers.
which means that two
thymine (T) bases (T) on the
same DNA strand become
connected in an abnormal
way.
Sunlight

• a form of electromagnetic
radiation, similar to visible
light.
• produces a form of high-
energy radiation.
X-ray Radiation

• they contain chemicals
referred to as
carcinogens, which are
mutagens
Cigarettes and Tobacco

• contains
carcinogens which
can cause cancer.
Chemicals

• a salt or ester of
nitrous acid.
Nitrites

this is the process where
the offsprings adapt the
mutation.
Inheritance

Agent Ranit
A member of a known family. Also known as
the “spy” of the organization. The leader of
the soldiers who are feared by most people.
Associate of the Organization

7.) Mutagens - is an agent of a
substance that can bring about
a permanent alteration to the
physical composition of a DNA
gene such that the genetic
message is changed.
Mutagens

PURINE
• It is water-soluble
• They are the most widely occurring
nitrogen-containing heterocycles in
nature
• consists of two rings named pyrimidine
and imidazole which are fused together

PYRAMIDINE
• use to make the building blocks of DNA
and RNA.
• larger and have a single ring
• pyrimidines serve as the building blocks
for DNA

IMPORTANT KEY FACTS
• Mutations can also be inherited, particularly if they have a positive effect.
• Cancer is the most common human genetic disease; it is caused by
mutations occurring in a number of growth-controlling genes. Sometimes
faulty, cancer-causing genes can exist from birth, increasing a person’s
chance of getting cancer.
• Many mutations have no effect at all. These are called silent mutations.
• Spontaneous mutations occur without exposure to any obvious mutagenic
agent.

THANK YOU
FOR WATCHING
YEAR LEVEL | SECTION
PLAY + MY LIST
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry.
Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the
1500s.
2022

DNA and MUTATIONS

Recommandé

Recommandé

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Tendances (10)

Similaire à DNA and MUTATIONS

Similaire à DNA and MUTATIONS (20)

Plus de Johnel Esponilla

Plus de Johnel Esponilla (20)

Dernier

Dernier (20)

DNA and MUTATIONS