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Escuela : Ponente : DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY AND LEARNING  Periodo : Octubre – Febrero 2010 Lic. Eliana Pinza Inglés Bimestre : II Bimestre
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Automatic responses   =   Respondents
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Positive reinforcement Occurs when the consequence that strengths a behavior is the addition of a new stimulus Negative reinforcement Occurs when the consequence that strengths a behavior is the subtraction of a stimulus
[object Object],[object Object],Presentation  It occurs when th appereance of a stimulus following the behavior supresses or decreases the behaviour   (For example, teachers assigning extra work) Removal It involves removing the stimulus   (For example, no TV for a week)
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
A general approach that views learning as an active mental process in which learners seek new information to solve problems and reorganize what they already know to achieve new insights, rather than simply receiving knowledge ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],It is the initial processing that transforms incoming stimuli from the environment  (sights, sounds, smells, etc.)  into information so we can make sense of them It is the interface where new information is held temporarily and combined with knowledge from long-term memory, to solve problems or comprehend a lecture. Information that you are focusing on at a given moment Holds the information that is well learned
Information is encoded in   sensory memory . In   working memory , new information connects with knowledge from   long-term memory . Thoroughly processed and connected information becomes part of   long-term memory , and can be activated to return to working memory. Sensory memory Working  memory Long-term memory
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Adding meaning to new information by connecting with existing knowledge Material that is well organized is easier to learn and to remember, especially if the information is complex and extensive If you try to remember the information, it will be easier if the current context is similar to the original one
METACOGNITION Metacognition knowledge is used to regulate thinking and learning  (Brown, 1987; Nelson, 1996).  There are three essential skills that allow us to do this:   planning, monitoring, and evaluating ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Problem Solving ,[object Object],[object Object],Initial state  (the current situation) A goal  (the desired outcome) A path for reaching the goal  (including operations or activities that move you toward the goal)
Problem solving is creating new solutions for problems General problem-solving strategies   I Identify problems and opportunities D Define goals and represent the problem E Explore possible strategies A Anticipate outcomes and Act L Look back and Learn
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Reading strategies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Personal factors Social influence Behavior Social environment
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Intrinsic =  It is associated with activities that are their own reward Extrinsic=  It is created by external factors such as rewards and punishments
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
INTERESTS AND EMOTIONS How do interests and emotions affect learning? Learning and information processing are influenced by emotions. Students are more likely to pay attention to, learn, and remember events, images, and readings that provoke emotional responses or that are related to their personal interests
Motivation to learn in school Teachers are interested in a particular kind of motivation  (student motivation to learn) .  It involves taking academic work seriously, trying to get the most from it, and applying appropriate learning strategies in the process.
Decisions made by teachers can influence  student motivation to learn T  Task  (the nature of the task that Ss are asked to do) A   Autonomy   (the autonomy Ss are allowed in working) R  Recongnized   (how Ss are recognized for their      accomplishments) G  Grouping   (practices) E  Evaluation   (procedures) T  Time   (schedule of time in the classroom)
Social  processes to learning  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Group work:  Several students working together  Cooperation:  Working  together with others to reach a shared goal Collaboration :  A philosophy about how to deal with people that respects differences, shares authority, and builds on the knowledge of others
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How large should a cooperative group be? It depends on learning goals: If the purpose is to review rehearse information or practice, 4 to 5 or 6 students is about the right size If the goal is to encourage each student to participate in discussions, problem solving, or computer learning, the groups of 2 to 4 members work best
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Materials monitor Recorder Quiet Captain
 
[object Object]
 

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Developmental Psychology 2do Bimestre

  • 1. Escuela : Ponente : DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY AND LEARNING Periodo : Octubre – Febrero 2010 Lic. Eliana Pinza Inglés Bimestre : II Bimestre
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.  
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.  
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.  
  • 22.
  • 23. Information is encoded in sensory memory . In working memory , new information connects with knowledge from long-term memory . Thoroughly processed and connected information becomes part of long-term memory , and can be activated to return to working memory. Sensory memory Working memory Long-term memory
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37. Problem solving is creating new solutions for problems General problem-solving strategies I Identify problems and opportunities D Define goals and represent the problem E Explore possible strategies A Anticipate outcomes and Act L Look back and Learn
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.
  • 52.
  • 53.
  • 54.
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57. INTERESTS AND EMOTIONS How do interests and emotions affect learning? Learning and information processing are influenced by emotions. Students are more likely to pay attention to, learn, and remember events, images, and readings that provoke emotional responses or that are related to their personal interests
  • 58. Motivation to learn in school Teachers are interested in a particular kind of motivation (student motivation to learn) . It involves taking academic work seriously, trying to get the most from it, and applying appropriate learning strategies in the process.
  • 59. Decisions made by teachers can influence student motivation to learn T Task (the nature of the task that Ss are asked to do) A Autonomy (the autonomy Ss are allowed in working) R Recongnized (how Ss are recognized for their accomplishments) G Grouping (practices) E Evaluation (procedures) T Time (schedule of time in the classroom)
  • 60.
  • 61. Group work: Several students working together Cooperation: Working together with others to reach a shared goal Collaboration : A philosophy about how to deal with people that respects differences, shares authority, and builds on the knowledge of others
  • 62.
  • 63. How large should a cooperative group be? It depends on learning goals: If the purpose is to review rehearse information or practice, 4 to 5 or 6 students is about the right size If the goal is to encourage each student to participate in discussions, problem solving, or computer learning, the groups of 2 to 4 members work best
  • 64.
  • 65.
  • 66. Materials monitor Recorder Quiet Captain
  • 67.  
  • 68.
  • 69.  

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. A young girl whose shema for girls includes girls play with dolls and not with trucks or girls can not be scientists will pay attention to, remember, and interact more with dolls than trucks, and she may avoid science activities
  2. Stuctures to be understood as any of the categories of linguistics: phonology, syntax, morphology, etc.