This document provides an overview of computer network fundamentals, including definitions of MAC address, IP address, classes of IP addresses, subnet masks, and reserved IP ranges. MAC addresses are 48-bit identifiers that uniquely identify network interfaces. IP addresses are 32-bit logical identifiers for devices on the internet or networks. IP addresses are divided into classes A-E based on their first octet. Subnet masks define the network and host portions of an IP address. Common reserved ranges include private IP spaces and loopback addresses.

1. COMPUTER NETWORK
FUNDAMENTALS
E.G.S. PILLAY ENGINEERING COLLEGE
CSE Dep’t
K.VIGNESH,ME
TUTOR

2. Identification

4. IP- Internet Protocol
Subnet Mask
MAC - Media Access Control

5. MAC
Media Access Control

6. It is a 48 bit Identification, denoted in Hexadecimal
It is called physical address or hardware address or
bind-in address of network device
It is a Unique Identification

7. eg: C0-38-96-54-AE-AB
C0-38-96
54-AE-AB
- Vendor Identification
- Specific

8. 248
two hundred eighty-one trillion, four hundred seventy-four
billion, nine hundred seventy-six million, seven hundred ten
thousand, six hundred fifty-six

9. IP- Internet Protocol

10. IPv4

11. It is a 32 bit Identification.
It is a logical Identification of the Computing device
participating in internet(LAN or WAN)

12. 1st IP
00000000000000000000000000000000
Last IP
11111111111111111111111111111111

13. 232
It is divided into 4 octet, denoted in dotted decimal
eg: 0.0.0.0
255.255.255.255

14. IP
Network + Host

15. Classes of IP
● Class A
● Class B
● Class C
● Class D
● Class E

16. Classes of IP
● Class A
● Class B
● Class C
● Class D
● Class E
0-127
128-191
192-223
224-239
240-255

17. Subnet Mask / Netmask
It is a IP format Identification which is used to denote the network portion / Host
Portion of IP
Network Portion - 1
Host Portion - 0

18. Overview
Classes of IP Network Host No of Network IP per Network ID
A 8 24 128 (27) 16,777,216 (224)
B 16 16 16,384 (214) 65,536 (216)
C 24 8
2,097,152 (221)
256 (28)

19. Overview
Class Start IP End IP
A 0.0.0.0 126.255.255.255
B 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255
C 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255

20. Reservation
0.0.0.0 - 0.255.255.255 Any Network or Default
127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255 Loopback
169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255 APIPA (Automatic Private IP)
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
Private IP (Used in LAN)
Class D Multicast
Class E R & D