2. Guidance & counseling
By
P.N.Viji, M.Sc(N)
Lecturer

3. Guidance is the help given
by one person to another in
making choices and
adjustments & in solving
problems, further it aims at
aiding the recipient to grow
in his independence &
ability to be responsible for
himself.
Guidance is the help given
by one person to another in
making choices and
adjustments & in solving
problems, further it aims at
aiding the recipient to grow
in his independence &
ability to be responsible for
himself.
JONESJONES

4. Counseling is the helping
relationship, that includes
someone seeking help,
someone willing to give
help who is capable or
trained to help, in a setting
that permits help to be
given & received.
Counseling is the helping
relationship, that includes
someone seeking help,
someone willing to give
help who is capable or
trained to help, in a setting
that permits help to be
given & received.
CORMIERCORMIER

5. Scope
To draw up plans in academic & non academic
pursuits
To realize his potentialities
To make optimum contributions to the growth
of the society
To understand teaching work and guidance &
counseling are complementary to each other
To acquire abilities which promotes self
direction & self realization
Aims at developing the students qualities
such as perseverance, dedication, sincerity,
devotion, respect for the views of others

6. Need

7. Increasing number of aspirants
for all sectors of education

8. Expansion & diversification of
courses of study

9. Mounting number of unemployed
graduates

10. Uncertainties in career & higher
academic pursuits

11. Individual benefits & social
benefits

12. Principles

13. Unique to an
individual
Concerned
with the total
individual
Goal oriented
& goal directed
Professional
activity
Should be based
on characteristics
of the stages of
human growth &
development

14. Meant for all
those who need
help
Not specific to
any state of
development
Continuous
process
Should be
based on
reliable data
Should have a
flexible approach

15. Types of guidance
Personal
Educational
Health
Social
Vocational
Avocational

16. Approaches to guidance
services

17. Problem identification
Gathering available data
Arrive at actual cause
Decide on strategies
Implement strategies
Solution
Follow up

18. Approaches to counseling
1. Directive
2. Non directive
3. Eclectic
4. Group

19. Directive counseling
• Advocated by EG Williams
• Counselor plays a leading role
• Authoritarian or psycho analytic
approach
• Counselor is active

20. Steps
1) Starting the counseling session
2) Collect the relevant data
3) Analyze the problem
4) Synthesize
5) Diagnosis
6) Prognosis
7) Prescribe remedial measures
8) Follow

21. Non directive counseling
• Advocated by Carl Rogers
• Counselee centered
• Humanistic approach

22. Steps
1) Opening the session
2) Establishing rapport
3) Exploration of the problem
4) Exploration of the causes of the
problem
5) Discovering alternative solution
6) Termination of the session
7) Follow up

23. Eclectic counseling
Based on the fact that all individuals
differ from one another
Consistent with modern day life
Selection & orderly combination of best
features from diverse sources
Sometimes directive & sometimes non
directive
Flexible approach with flexible plans

24. Group counseling
1) Selection of participants
2) Starting session
3) Orientation for discussion
4) Checking unwarranted behavior
5) Self disclosure
6) Decision making
7) Closure
8) Follow up

25. Tools of counseling
• Non testing tools
• Psychological test tools

26. Non testing tools
• Interview
• Observation
• Anecdotal records
• Cumulative record card
• Problem / interest checklist
• Rating scales
• Sociometry

27. Psychological testing tools
• Achievement test
• Aptitude test
• Intelligence test
• Interest inventories

28. Levels of counseling
Informal counseling
Non specialist counseling
Professional counseling

29. Elements of counseling
counselor counselee

30. Phases of counseling

31. Establishing
relationship
Setting goals
Assessment
Interventions
Termination &
follow up

32. Steps in counseling process

33. A
G
T
H
E
R
Greet the client
Return for follow up
Explain how to use a method
Help the client to choose a method
Tell him about methods of coping mechanism
Ask client about themselves

34. Counseling techniques

35. Acceptance Lead Restatement
clarification
Reassurance
Interpretation
Advice Rejection

36. Attributes & skills required for a
counselor

37. • Self awareness & understanding
• Good psychological health
• Open mindedness
• Objectivity
• Trust worthiness
• Approachability
Pre training attributes

38. Inter training attributes
• Interview setting & getting started
• Problem focus
• Identifying an important theme
• Focusing on a theme
• Directing the theme towards a goal
• Managing the interaction with the
individual

39. Qualities of a counselor
IPR
Personal adjustment
Scholastic potentialities & educational
background
Health & personal appearance
Leadership
Philosophy of life
Professional dedication

40. Supportive behavior
C
R
E
A
L
ClarifyListenEncourageAcknowledgeReflect &
repeat

41. Non verbal behavior
R
O
L
E
S
Relax
Open &
approachabl
e
Lean
towards
client
Eye
contact
Smile & sit
comfortabl
y

42. THANK YOU