This document provides guidance on writing a quality research article. It discusses the standard format, which includes an abstract, introduction, methodology, results and discussion, and references sections. The introduction provides context and states the research problem and literature review. The methodology describes the materials, equipment, and procedures used in the study. The results and discussion sections summarize the technical results and provide non-technical interpretation. The conclusion summarizes the main points and significance of the research. References are also needed to give credit to other authors' work. The document emphasizes avoiding plagiarism and discusses other ethical issues in research publication.
7. Publish or Perish
"Publish or perish" is a phrase coined to describe the pressure
in academia to rapidly and continually publish academic work to sustain or
further one's career
8. Abstract
Introduction: Context, Research
Problem, Review of Literature
Methods
Results
Discussion
References
Standard Format of Science
Research Articles
11. Selection of Journal
Key (Determining)
factors
Impact Factor
Reputation
Access to the target
audience
Overall editorial standard
Publication speed
International coverage
Open Access
• Marginal (Qualifying)
factors
– Quality and colour
illustrations
– Service elements
12. Journal Finder
To avoid any loss of time by submitting manuscripts to inadequate journals,
in various websites you can try finding out the best solution.
14. Abstract
• Briefly summarize (often 150 words) - the
problem, the method, the results, and the
conclusions so that
– The reader can decide whether or not to
read the whole article
• Together, the title and the abstract should
stand on their own
• Many authors write the abstract last so
that it accurately reflects the content of
the paper
15. Introduction
Background - the reasons the author(s)
conducted the study; theoretical
framework
Statement of Purpose - the goal of the
research (the destination); the problem
statement
16. Methodology
General Description about Chemicals,
Instruments and other important
aspects uses in experimentation.
Materials (equipment, apparatus,
measuring instruments) - what was
used, quality of measuring instruments
Procedures - how study was conducted;
what subjects did or what was done to
them
17. Results & Discussion
Technical summary of the results
obtained during experimentation:
In text
In tables
In figures
Non-technical/Description about
interpretation of results
18. Conclusion
The conclusion is the last, yet not the easiest part of a research paper.
It must summarize the whole paper and explain its main purpose.
This section also shouldn’t sound too dry.
Any conclusion consists of a few elements, so you can choose different approaches
depending on your agenda and the paper type.
► Summarize main points of your paper.
► Discuss the significance of your points.
► Discuss the future of your subject.
19. References
At the end of your paper you will include a
bibliography or works cited page.
This gives the authors of your sources credit
for their work.
Add relevant reviews, books and articles in a
journal style. Latest references needed.
23. Plagiarism Vs Paraphrase
Plagiarism v. Paraphrasing Samples
Direct quote from research:
“Japan’s beautiful Mount Fuji last erupted in 1707 and is now classified as dormant.
Dormant volcanoes show no signs of activity, but they may erupt in the future.”
Non-plagiarized paraphrase:
Mount Fuji, the highest mountain in Japan, is actually a dormant volcano. Dormant
means that it is not active. The last time Mount Fuji erupted was in 1707, and there
is always the possibility of a future eruption.
24. Plagiarism Vs Paraphrase
Plagiarism v. Paraphrasing Samples
Direct quote from research:
“Japan’s beautiful Mount Fuji last erupted in 1707 and is now classified as dormant.
Dormant volcanoes show no signs of activity, but they may erupt in the future.”
Non-plagiarized paraphrase:
Mount Fuji, the highest mountain in Japan, is actually a dormant volcano. Dormant
means that it is not active. The last time Mount Fuji erupted was in 1707, and there
is always the possibility of a future eruption.
25. Ethical Issues
Disclosure of Conflict of Interest
Acknowledgment of funding sources
Image manipulation guidelines
Online submission - supplemental information
(datasets, videos)
For Health Sciences
Submission of a Clinical Trials to a Central
Registry
Institutional Review Board approval
See: Blackwell Science - Best Practice
Guidelines on Publishing Ethics
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/Publicationethics
26. Further Raeding
Davis, Martha (2005) “Scientific Papers and
Presentations”, 2nd Edition. Academic Press (ISBN 0-12-
088424-0)
Grossman, Michael (2004) “Writing and Presenting
Scientific Papers”, 2nd edition, Nottingham University
Press, (ISBN 1-897676-12-3).
Clare, J & Hamilton, H (2003) “Writing research
transforming Data into Text”, Churchill Livingstone (ISBN
0443071829).