This document provides information about high-rise buildings. It discusses the history of tall structures dating back to ancient Rome and Egypt. It then defines what constitutes a high-rise building according to various organizations. A case study of the Kanchenjunga Apartments in Mumbai is presented, outlining its design features like cross ventilation and garden terraces. Services layout and plans/elevations are shown. Taipei 101, formerly the world's tallest building, is also described with details on its height, materials, and seismic resistance through a tuned mass damper system.

1. HIGH RISE
BUILDINGS
Guided by:
Prof. Leena Aphale.
Prof. Chitra shinde.
Prof. Mansi joshi.
Prof. Masira Ansari.
Prof.Mohammad Taha

2. CONTENT
INTRODUCTION.
HISTORY.
CONTEXT TO ARCHI.
CASE STUDY.
MAIN INFERENCE FACTOR.
PLANNING AND SERVICES.
CONCLUSION.
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3. INTRODUCTION
A reason for evolution of high rise building
comprise of density problems,
scarcity of land both on nation and international
scale with inclination toward architectural features
structural detail along with information on services.
historically tall building were more about symbol
power and to represent prestige status and also for
efficient asthetic development
“A high-rise building is a tall building, as opposed to
a low-rise building and is defined differently in
terms of height depending on the jurisdiction.”
It is used as a residential, office building, or other
functions including hotel, retail, or with multiple
purposes combined.
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4. 4
Various bodies have defined "high-rise":
• Emporis defines a high-rise as "A multi-story structure between 35–100 meters tall, or
a building of unknown height from 12–39 floors.”
• According to the building code of Hyderabad, a high-rise building is one with four
floors or more, or 15 to 18 meters or more in height.
• The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary defines a high-rise as "a building having
many storeys".
• The International Conference on Fire Safety in High-Rise Buildings defined a high-
rise as "any structure where the height can have a serious impact on evacuation"
• In the U.S., the National Fire Protection Association defines a high-rise as being
higher than 75 feet (23 meters), or about 7 stories.
• Most building engineers, inspectors, architects and similar professionals define a
high-rise as a building that is at least 75 feet (23 m) tall.

5. HISTORY
• High-rise apartment buildings had already appeared
in antiquity:
• the insulae in ancient Rome and several other cities in
the Roman Empire,
• some of which might have reached up to ten or more stories,
• one reportedly having 200 stairs.
• In Arab Egypt, the initial capital city of Fustat housed many
high-rise residential buildings,
• some seven stories tall that could reportedly accommodate
hundreds of people.
• Al-Muqaddasi, in the 10th century, described them as
resembling minarets.
• Nasir Khusraw, in the early 11th century, described some of
them rising up to 14 stories,with roof gardens on the top story
complete with ox-drawn water wheels for irrigating them.
• By the 16th century, Cairo also had high-rise apartment
buildings where the two lower floors were for commercial and
storage purposes and the multiple stories above them
were rented.
• The Hakka people in southern China have adopted
communal living structures designed to be easily defensible in
the forms of Weilongwu and Tulou,
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6. • The latter are large, enclosed and fortified earth building, between three and five stories high and
housing up to 80 families.
• The oldest still standing tulou dates back from the 14th century. out to tenants.
• High rises were built in the Yemeni city of Shibam in the 16th century.
• The houses of Shibam are all made out of mud bricks,
• but about five hundred of them are tower houses, which rise five to sixteen stories high.
• The engineer's definition of high-rise buildings comes from the development of fire trucks in the late
19th century.
• Magirus had shown the first cogwheel sliding ladder in 1864.
• The first turntable ladder drawn by horses was developed in 1892 which had a length of 25 meters.
• The extension ladder was motorized by Magirus in 1904
• Any building that exceeds the height of the usual turntable ladders in a city must install additional
fire safety equipment,
• so that these high-rise buildings have a different section in the building regulations in the world.
• Currently, the tallest high-rise apartment building in the world is Chicago's John Hancock Center,
constructed under the supervision of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and completed in 1969.
• The building has 100 stories and stands 344 meters tall.
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7. CASE STUDY

8. 8
Name Of Project : Kanchenjunga Apartments
Began : 1970
Completion : 1974
Contributed : Sahil Latheef
Architect : Charles Correa
Structure Type : High Rise Building
Location : India, Mumbai, Cumballa Hill
Climate : Hot and Humid
Height : 84 Mtrs
Floor : 27
Function : Housing (Residential)
Type : modern
Structure Material : concrete
KANCHANJUNGA APARTMENT

9. ORIENTATION
• In Mumbai, buildings are ideally
orientated east-west to catch the
prevailing sea-breezes, and views out to
the Arabian Sea on one side and the
harbour on the other: the same directions
as the hot afternoon sun and heavy
monsoon rains.
• Old bungalows solved these problems by
wrapping a protective layer of verandas
• Kanchenjunga apartments are located
south-west.

10. 10
• Cross ventilation works very effectively in the building helps in reducing the heat gain.
• The whole structure of kanchanjunga apartments is made of reinforced cement
concrete.
• Each house has a 6.3 m cantilevered open terrace garden.

11. FEATURES
2/7/20XX 11
Kanchanjunga is located in the main city center having roads
on many sides. Traffic jams always happen on the roads lead
to substantial noise pollution on the site.
Trees on all sides of the building help in reducing noise
pollution on the site.
The slip method of construction is used in kanchanjunga
apartments.
Designed as a concept of “Through Ventilation”, of
Kanchanjunga apartments.
Each house in kanchanjunga apartment provided with the two-
story garden terrace.
The central core is consists of lift, the staircase provides the
main structural element for resisting lateral load.

12. • Interlock of four different apartment
typologies varying from 3 to 6 bedrooms
each.
• Smaller displacements of levels.
• Differentiated between the external earth
filled terraces and the internal elevated
living volumes.
• Effectively shield these high rise units from
the effects of both the sun and monsoon
rains.
• Achieved by providing the tower with
relatively deep, garden verandas,
suspended in the air.
• The garden terraces of Kanchenjunga
apartments are actually a modern
interpretation of a feature of the traditional
Indian bungalow; Veranda.

13. 13
PLAN

14. TYPES OF PLANS

15. PLANS AND SECTIONS

17. ELEVATIONS

18. INTERIOR AND VIEWS

19. SERVICES
Services contain staircase main
elevator shaft electrical shaft
and fire fighting shaft.
Shafts
Fire fighting shaft and the
elevator shaft come in the
central core that is constructed
using tube system
The emergency exit staircase
runs around the housing from
the semi public areas.
The services all come in the
centre and the sweage runs
below the varandas that now
cause seepage issues.
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Service core

20. 20

21. 21
Kanchanjunga is one of the highest building in this
area of Bombay.
The kanchanjunga is located near to a road and a
big crossing in Bombay.
The kanchanjunga tower is one of the first high
rise building in this area of Bombay. Almost all
current skyscrapers are build after kanchanjunga
apartment.
In the morning the eastern skyscrapers project big
shadow on kanchanjunga. During the morning the
sunbath is only possible for the residents of the
highest apartment.
Halfway the day, all loggias in the
southwestern and southeastern façade get sun.
that is possible because there are no near
skyscraper in the south.
In the end of the afternoon, the northwestern and
southwestern façade get sun,in the evening the
western skyscrapers throws shadow on
kanchanjunga.
The loggies In the south west façade get almost
always sun
conclusion

22. 22
• Taipei 101, formerly known as the Taipei World
Financial Center – is a landmark supertall
skyscraper in Xinyi District, Taipei, Republic of
China.
• The building was officially classified as the world's
tallest in 2004, and remained such until the
opening of Burj Khalifa in Dubai in 2010.
• In 2011, the building was awarded the LEED
platinum certification, the highest award according
to the Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design (LEED) rating system, and became the
tallest and largest green building in the world.
TAIPEI 101

23. FEATURES
• Taipei 101 is 508-meter high,
• 101-story tower
• a five-story deep basement
• 61 elevators
• most floor plan areas vary between 2000 and 2500 square meters (21,500 to
27,000 square feet),
• Building aspect ratio (height/width) to the main roof is about 9 based on its ‘waist’
(and 6.8 counting the wider base).
• Construction began in 1999 and ended this year 2004.
• Architectural style is similar to a pagoda and bamboo.
• Major materials used are glass and steel .
• Taipei 101's characteristic blueg reen glass curtain walls are double paned and
glazed, offer heat and UV protection sufficient to block external heat by 50
percent, and can sustain impacts of 7 tones .
• The façade system of glass and aluminum panels installed into an inclined
moment-resisting lattices contributes to overall lateral rigidity by tying back to the
mega-columns with one story high trusses at every eighth floor.
• This façade system is therefore able to withstand up to 95 mm (4 in) of seismic
lateral displacements without damage. 2/7/20XX 23

24. PLAN
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30. THANK YOU
Submitted by:
Rajeshwari Sancheti.
Vishaka Bothra.
Vishakha Patewar.
Keshav Chanchalani.
Amol Padmukh.
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