STATISTICS PROJECT
DATA REGARDING WOMEN
EMPOWERMENT & HOW IT
AFFECTS DEVELOPMENT OF
INDIA

It is the process, and the
outcome of the process, by
which women challenge
gender-based discrimination
against women/men in all
the institutions and
structures of society.

 IMPROVES IN PERSONAL KNOWLEDGE
 SELF – DEFINING POWER
 PERSONAL POWER
 AUTHENTICITY
 PHYSICAL STRENGTH & EQUALITY
 MUTUALITY IN RELATIONSHIPS
 ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE
 WOMEN IDENTIFICATION
 FREEDOM FROM OPPRESSION
 HAVING POLITICAL POWER IN SOCIETY

INDICATORS MALE FEMALE
% of unorganised
workers in total work
force
90.7 95.9
% of unorganised sector
workers in total work
force
84 91.3
% of workers in
agriculture and allied
activities
48.9 72.8
Time spent on care and
household maintenance
per week
4 hours 35 hours
% of unorganised non-
agriculture workers,
working from own
home
15.7 54.7

The majority of employed women
are engaged in agricultural work
Type of worker
Occupational Distribution (%)
Women Men
Professional 8 9
Sales 6 16
Service 9 7
Production 24 29
Agricultural 4 33
Other 4 6

Indian Women in Modern Times
Employment
• Difficult to get an overall picture of employment among women
in India.
• Most women work in the informal sector
• Women accounted for only 23 percent of the total workers in the
formal sector in 1991
• The number of female workers has increased faster than the
number of male workers
• Female unemployment rates are similar to male unemployment
rates

Empowerment
• Social Empowerment
• Education
• There is no direct relationship between education and work
force participation; but may affect their participation in
household decision making
• Economic Independence:
• Economic independence does not imply significant
improvement in social standing
• Culture and tradition play an important role
• A small fraction has opened up towards Western values
• Economic Empowerment
• Property Rights
Patriarchal society
• Economic Decision Making
In the household
In businesses

• Economic Empowerment
• Property Rights
• Patriarchal society
• Economic Decision Making
• In the household
• In businesses
• Political Empowerment
• Representation in democratic institutions
• Government reservations policy for women: the constitutional
amendment of 1990s

Control over Women’s Earnings as
Reported by Currently Married Women
and Men
24 20
57 63
1615
Women’s report about
their own earnings
Men’s report about
their wife’s earnings
Mainly wife
Husband &
wife jointly
Mainly husband
Percent

Percentage of women age 15-49 who
are allowed to go alone to:
51
48
38
33
4
Market
Health facility
Places outside the
village/community
All three places
None of the three
places
The majority of women have little freedom of movement.
Only one-third go alone to all three destinations: the
market, health facility and outside the village or
community.

Percentage who agree that a husband is
justified in hitting or beating his wife if she:
54
29
35
30
14
20
25
41
37
24
13
8
26
29
23
51
At least one reason
Goes out without telling him
Neglects the house or children
Argues with him
Refuses to have sex
Doesn’t cook properly
He suspects she is unfaithful
Shows disrespect for in-laws
Women Men

Holistic approach to Empowerment
Health
& Nut.
Education
Water & San.
Skills
Technology Credit
Political
Participation
Marketing
Asset base

Action Areas
• Women availing services of public utilities like road transport, power,
water and sanitation, telecommunication etc.
• Training of women as highly skilled workers- top end skills.
• Research/Technology for women.
• Women in the work force.
• Asset ownership by women.
• Women as Entrepreneurs.
• Implementation of Laws like
• Equal remuneration
• Minimum Wages
• Factories Act
• Infrastructure for women like
• Water and sanitation at workplace
• Crèches
• Working Women Hostels
• Transport services
• Security

The following schemes at present are aiming at women empowerment
and gender equality in India:
1. Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) (1975)
2. Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls
(RGSEAG) (2010).
3. The Rajiv Gandhi National Crèche Scheme for Children of
Working Mothers.
4. Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS) (2009-10)
5. Support to Training and Employment Programme for
Women (STEP).
6. Dhanalakshmi (2008)
7. Short Stay Homes
8. Swadhar
9. Ujjawala (2007)
10. Scheme for Gender Budgeting (XI Plan)
11. National Mission for Empowerment of Women
12. Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (1993)

When we educate and empower one woman, we set off a chain
reaction that transforms the life of her family and the community she
lives in. An exemplary model is the network of trained Accredited Social
Health Activists (ASHA), created under the National Rural Health
Mission, who have played a crucial role in improving the health of
women and children across India.
The inspirational efforts of the Self-Employed Women’s Association,
founded by Ela Bhatt, and other successful self-help groups, have
sowed the spirit of entrepreneurship in hundreds of women.
Sewa’s women members are trailblazers, redefining themselves as
they add value to their families and the nation. This kind of female
empowerment can transform India.
I believe that by neglecting the development of women, we will
compromise the future of the Indian nation. By investing in women and
their education, we are investing in our present and in our future.

PREAPARED BY:
MANAV PATEL
VISHRANT PARIKH
F.Y. BBA SECTION: B