CANCER

1. Cervical cancer
v.Kanthasamy
LS14106
AND VIRAL ETIOLOGY
V.Kanthasamy
LS14106
M.Sc.,LifeScience
BDU.

2. Cancer Cells
 Cancer is a cellular disease Abnormal cell growth
Cells grow out of control and forms tumors
Changes to the DNA of a cell (mutations) lead to
cellular damage
In some cancers the unchecked growth results in a
mass, called a tumor. Cancerous cells may invade
other parts of the body interfering with normal
body functions.

3. • Cervical Cancer is the second most common
cancer among women worldwide.
• It is a cancer of the female reproductive tract of
cervix
• Cervical cancer is the uncontrollable growth and
spread of abnormal cells in the cervix. Cervical
cancer is a malignant tumour deriving from cells
of the cervix.
• Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18
have been found to cause 90% of cervical cancer
cases.

4. Female Reproductive Tract
 Vulva
 Vagina
 Cervix
 Uterus
 Fallopian tubes
 Ovaries

6. Human papillomavirus(HPV)
HPV is the virus that causes warts and cervical
cancer.
More than 100 different kinds, 30-some of this
cause genital HPV.
Spread by sexual contact
Genital warts appear 6 weeks to 8 months after
contact with an HPV infected person

7. CAUSES : Human papillomavirus(HPV)
 Infection with the common human papillomavirus (HPV) is a
cause of approximately 90% of all cervical cancers. About
half of the sexually transmitted HPVs are associated with
cervical cancer.
 HPV stands for human papillomavirus. There are lots of
different types of HPV.
 Genital HPV is a very common sexually transmitted infection

8. More than 100 types
More than 60 cutaneous types
Can lead to skin warts
40 mucosal types
1.High risk – HPV 16, 18, 45 and 31.
Cause anogenital warts
2.Low risk- include HPV types 6, 11
Cause 90% of cervical cancers

9. MORPHOLOGY
• Papilloma virus genome is circular covalently closed
double stranded DNA of about 8 kbp.
• All HPV genes are coded in one of the 2 DNA
strands utilizing the alternative splicing for the
individual expression of each gene.
• Papillomavirus expression is characterized by a
large array of mRNAs cells coding for different
genes.
• 55 nm in diameter.

10. APPEARANCE

11. Vaccine

12. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccine
 vaccines currently developed:
1. Gardasil – protects against HPV types 16, 18, 6 and 11.
2. Cervarix – protects against HPV types 16 and 18.

14. Risk Factors

20. Diagnosis
• PAP TEST (Papanicolaou test)
• COLPOSCOPY
• CERVICAL BIOPSY

21. PAP test

23. Colposcopy
• Colposcopy is a procedure used by physicians
that provides a magnified and illuminated view
of the vulva, vaginal walls, and uterine cervix.
• A colposcope is a microscope that resembles a
pair of binoculars.
• The instrument has a range of magnification
lenses. It also has color filters that allow the
physician to detect tiny abnormal blood vessels
on the cervix.
• The colposcope is used to examine the vaginal
walls and cervix through the vaginal opening.

24. COLPOSCOPY

25. cervical biopsy
A cervical biopsy is a procedure performed to
remove tissue from the cervix to test for abnormal
or precancerous conditions,
Types…
 punch biopsy
 cone biopsy or conization
 Endocervical curettage (ECC)

27. Overall.

28. • http://cinvestav.mx/genetica/MyFiles/Papilloma
virus/PAPepi.html
• http://www.life.umd.edu/classroom/bsci424/BS
CI223WebSiteFiles/LectureList.htm#LectureList
• WWW.STDSERVICES.ON.NET/STD/WARTS
• http://www.ashastd.org/stdfaqs/hpv.html
• http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/stdhpv.ht
m
SOURCES

29. Thank you…..