What's new in the Drupal 7 API?

THE DRUPAL 7 API
Badiu Alexandru

Drupalcamp Bucharest 2011

D7 API
• New stuff in the Drupal 7 API
• Things that have changed since D6
• Not gonna cover all
• Just what I found interesting


D7 API
• Database API
• Translation API
• Render Arrays
• Drupal Queues
• File API


DATABASE
• Completly rewritten
• Object oriented
• Easier to hook into queries
• Easier to support multiple db servers
• Vendor agnostic


DATABASE
db_affected_rows(), db_distinct_ﬁeld(),
db_error(), db_last_insert_id(),
db_placeholders(), db_lock_table(),
db_preﬁx_tables(), db_result(), db_fetch_*(),
db_version(), db_rewrite_sql(),
hook_db_rewrite_sql(), pager_query(),
tablesort_sql() etc are gone.


DATABASE
• SELECT
// Drupal 6
$result = db_query("SELECT nid, title FROM {node} WHERE uid
= %d AND type IN (" . db_placeholders(array('page',
'story'), 'varchar') . ")", 5, 'page', 'story');

// Drupal 7
$result = db_query("SELECT nid, title FROM {node} WHERE uid
= :uid AND type IN (:type)", array(
':uid' => 5,
':type' => array('page', 'story'),
));


DATABASE
• Getting results
// Drupal 6
while ($record = db_fetch_object($result)) {
// Do stuff with $record, which is an object
}

// Drupal 7
foreach ($result as $record) {
// Do stuff with $record, which is an object
}


DATABASE
• INSERT
// Drupal 6
db_query("INSERT INTO {mytable} (intvar, stringvar,
floatvar) VALUES (%d, '%s', %f)", 5, 'hello world', 3.14);
$id = db_last_insert_id();

// Drupal 7
$id = db_insert('mytable')
->fields(array(
    'intvar' => 5,
    'stringvar' => 'hello world',
    'floatvar' => 3.14,
))
->execute();


DATABASE
• UPDATE
// Drupal 6
db_query("UPDATE {node} SET title='%s', status=%d WHERE uid=
%d", 'hello world', 1, 5);

// Drupal 7
db_update('node')
->fields(array('title' => 'hello world', 'status' => 1))
->condition('uid', 5)
->execute();


DATABASE
• DELETE
// Drupal 6
db_query("DELETE FROM {node} WHERE uid=%d AND created < %d",
5, REQUEST_TIME - 3600);

// Drupal 7
db_delete('node')
->condition('uid', 5)
->condition('created', REQUEST_TIME - 3600, '<')
->execute();


DATABASE
• JOINS
SELECT fm.filename, fm.uri FROM file_usage AS fu
INNER JOIN file_managed AS fm
ON fu.fid = fm.fid
WHERE fu.id = 5;

$query = db_select('file_usage', 'fu');
$query->join('file_managed', 'fm', 'fu.fid = fm.fid'); // inner_join
file_usage table against file_managed
$query
->fields('fu', array('fid')) // specifying fields from file_usage table
->fields('fm', array('filename', 'uri')) // specifying fields from
file_managed table
->condition('fu.id', 5, '='); // specifying the condition where fu.id =
5

$result = $query->execute(); // executing the query once we finish building
the query object


DATABASE
• Queries can have tags
• hook_query_alter
• hook_query_TAG_alter
• Transactions


DATABASE
• $query->orderRandom()
• $query->orderBy(“ﬁeld”)
• $query->orderBy(“ﬁeld”)->orderRandom()
• $query->groupBy()
• $query->range(0, 20)
• $query->countQuery()->execute()-
>fetchField()


TRANSLAT
• The whole system has been
improved
• Localization server
• Translations can be updated
• Localization module (contrib)


TRANSLAT
• Contexts
• Avoid Views vs 5 Views
• Does not work with Javascript
• Does not work with watchdog

$long_may = t('May', array(), array('context' => 'Long month name'));


RENDER
• A page’s content is kept as an array
until the last stage (theme layer)
• A module can change the content at
the very last minute
• Instead of returning HTML you
return an array


RENDER
$page = array(
'#show_messages' => TRUE,
'#theme' => 'page',
'#type' => 'page',
'content' => array(
    'system_main' => array(...),
    'another_block' => array(...),
    '#sorted' => TRUE,
),
'sidebar_first' => array(
    ...
),
'footer' => array(
    ...
),
...
);


RENDER
• hook_page_alter
function mymodule_page_alter(&$page) {
// Move search form into the footer.
$page['footer']['search_form'] = $page['sidebar_first']
['search_form'];
unset($page['sidebar_first']['search_form']);

// Remove the "powered by Drupal" block
unset($page['footer']['system_powered-by']);
}


RENDER
• Generating page output
return array(
'first_para' => array(
    '#type' => 'markup',
    '#markup' => 'A first paragraph',
),
'second_para' => array(
    '#items' => array('first item', 'second item', 'third
item'),
    '#theme' => 'item_list',
),
);


RENDER
• hide()
<div class="content">
<?php
    // We hide the comments and links now so that we can render them later.
    hide($content['comments']);
    hide($content['links']);
    print render($content);
?>
</div>

<?php print render($content['links']); ?>

<?php print render($content['comments']); ?>


DRUPAL
• Stop doing lenghty operations on
cron
• Like: indexing Solr data, generating
thumbnails
• We have producers and workers
• Backported to Drupal 6


DRUPAL
• Reliable queues
• Unreliable queues
• Pluggable backends
• Add Beanstalk and Supervisord and
you’re good to go


DRUPAL
$queue = DrupalQueue::get('aggregator_feeds');
foreach ($result as $feed) {
    if ($queue->createItem($feed)) {
      // Add timestamp to avoid queueing item more than
once.
      db_update('aggregator_feed')
        ->fields(array('queued' => REQUEST_TIME))
        ->condition('fid', $feed->fid)
        ->execute();
    }
}


DRUPAL
function aggregator_cron_queue_info() {
$queues['aggregator_feeds'] = array(
'worker callback' => 'aggregator_refresh',
'time' => 60,
);
return $queues;
}


FILE API
• Uses streams
• public://file.txt
• private://file.txt
• temporary://file.txt
• PHP’s provided: http://, ftp://
• A module can create a new stream


FILE API
• No more public or private
• Uses streams
• public://file.txt, private://file.txt,
temporary://file.txt


FILE API
• Managed and unmanaged files
• file_copy / file_unmanaged_copy
• PHP’s provided: http://, ftp://
• A module can create a new stream


FILE API
function file_example_stream_wrappers() {
$wrappers = array(
'session' => array(
'name' => t('Example: $_SESSION variable storage'),
'class' => 'FileExampleSessionStreamWrapper',
'description' => t('Store files in the $_SESSION
variable as an example.'),
),
);
return $wrappers;
}


THANK
andu@ctrlz.ro
http://ctrlz.ro


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