Global Health Systems

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE
 INTRODUCTION
 KEY HEALTH INDICATORS
 HEALTH NEEDS/RISKS
 ORGANIZATION AND
MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH
CARE
 SERVICE DELIVERY
 HEALTH FINANCING
 CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
“He who is secure in his
house, healthy in his body
and has his food for the
day, has owned the world”
- Prophet Mohammed

4. INTRODUCTION
POLITICAL BACKGROUND
 Saudi Arabia is a welfare
state run by a traditional
monarchy based on
Islam.
 The government is
headed by the King, who
is also the commander in
chief of the military.
 The Crown Prince is
second in line to the

5.  The King governs with the help of the
Council of Ministers, also called the
Cabinet
 There are no political parties or national
elections.
 All governors are appointed by the king
 Its judicial system is based on Islamic
law (Shari’ah).

6. Demographics
Population
26,534,504 (July 2012 est.)
note: includes 5,576,076 non-nationals
Population growth
rate
1.523% (2012 est.)
Birth rate
19.19 births/1,000 pop. (2012
est.)
Death rate
3.32 deaths/1,000 pop. (July
2012 est.)
Urbanization 82% of total population (2010)Sex ratio
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.29 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.08
male(s)/female
total population: 1.21 male(s)/female

7. Total fertility rate 2.26 children born/woman (2012 est.)
Nationality
noun: Saudi(s)
adjective: Saudi or Saudi Arabian
Ethnic groups Arab 90%, Afro-Asian 10%
Religions Muslim (official) 100%
Languages Arabic (official)
Literacy
definition: age 15 and over can read and
write
total population: 86.6%
male: 90.4%
female: 81.3% (2010 est.)

8. Key Health Indicators
Life expectancy at birth
total population:
74.35 years
male: 72.37 years
female: 76.42 years
(2012 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence
rate
0.01% (2001 est.)
Maternal mortality rate
24 deaths/100,000 live
births (2010)
Probability of dying b/n 15
and 60 years m/f (per 1 000
population)
71/52

9. Key Health indicators contd.
Crude Death rate / 1000 pop. (2011) 3.9
Infants Mortality Rate / 1000 Saudi live birth
(2011)
16.5
Under 5 Mortality Rate / 1000 live birth
(2011)
19.1
Crude birth rate/ 1000 pop. (2011) 22.9
Malaria- no. of reported deaths (2011) 2
Per capital GHE (PPP int. $) (2011) 621.3
Per capital THE (2011) 757.7
GGHE as a % of THE (2012) 68.9
PHE as a % of THE (2011) 31.1
THE as % of GDP (2011) 3.7

10. Health Needs
 Coronary heart disease
 Diabetes mellitus
 Influenza and pneumonia
 Stroke
 Hypertension
 Congenital malformations/anomalies
 Kidney disease
 Tumors

11. Health Risks
 RTAs
 MERS-CoV
 Pollution and chemical contamination
 Ramadan and hajj seasons
 obesity

12. Organization and Management of
Health Care in Saudi Arabia
 The Healthcare sector in the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia is primarily managed by the
Government through the Ministry of
Health (MOH).
 There are number of semi public
organizations which specifically operate
hospitals and medical services for their
employees.
 The private sector operators also play a
key role in providing quality healthcare

13. Levels of health care services
 There are three tiers of healthcare delivery
• Provides preventive, prenatal,
emergency, and basic services, as well
as mobile clinics for remote rural areas
Primary
• Serves as a referral centres for cases
that require more advanced careSecondary
• cases that need more complex levels of
care are transferred to central or
specialized hospitals
Tertiary

14.  The MOH is the major government
provider and financer of health care
services in Saudi Arabia
 In accordance with the Saudi
constitution, the government provides all
citizens and expatriates working within
the public sector with full and free
access to all public health care services

15. structure of the health care sectors in Saudi
Arabia
SAUDI HEALTHCARE
SYSTEMS
OTHER AGENCIES
Referral hospitals
School health units
All level of health
care
MOH
PRIVATE SECTOR
(free)
GOVT. SECTOR
(free)
Teaching hospitals
Armed forces medical
service
ARAMCO health services
All level of health
care
All level of health
care
Security forces medical
services
National guard health affairs
Red Crescent
Employees and
their families
+
emergencies
emergencies

16. Service Delivery
 The Saudi health care system is challenged
by the shortage of local healthcare
professionals.
 The majority of health care personnel are
expatriates from Egypt, the Philippines,
Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and many
other countries like Europe, Canada and
America.
 As of 2009, the labour force comprises 53%
of Non-Saudi and 47% Saudi Nationals.

17.  The total number of physicians and nurses
employed by MOH respectively were 25,832
and 63,297, and of these 22.5% and 50.3%
respectively were Saudi nationals. (MOH,
2009)
 The private sector employs 17148 physicians
and 23308 nurses, of these only 4.9% and
4.8% respectively were Saudi nationals
(MOH, 2009)
 Apart from private colleges and institutes,
there are a total of 73 colleges for medicine,
health and nursing as well as 4 health
institutes in Saudi Arabia

18. Health resources in Saudi Arabia
Rates per 10000 Pop
(2011)
Physicians 24.4
Dentists 3.5
Pharmacists 5.1
Nurses 47.4
Allied health personnel 27.8
Hospital beds, KSA 20.7
Health care centers 0.74
Governmental hospital beds
rate
16

19. Hospitals and PHC Centres
 Public hospitals :244
 Quasi Gov’t hospitals:39
 Private: 125
 PHC Centres: 2037

20. Health financing
 The public health sector is financed,
operated,
controlled, supervised, and managed by
the MOH (Gov’t)
 The total expenditure on public health
services comes from the government and
the services are free-of-charge.
 There was a fantastic increase in health
care budget from SAR 30 Billion (6.3% of
Gov’t budget) in 2008 to SAR 68.76
Billion(11.8% of Gov’t budget) in 2011.

21. Health insurance
 The Council for Cooperative Health
Insurance was established by the
government in 1999 to introduce, regulate
and supervise a health insurance market.
 The implementation was in three (3)
stages.
 The first stage is for the private sector
 The second stage is for public sector.
 The final stage applied to other groups,
such as pilgrims.

22. Conclusion
 Healthcare indicators of Saudi Arabia
compared to other developed countries
such as the US, UK and Germany
shows that there is a shortage of
doctors, nurses and beds in Saudi
Arabia.
 The shortage is widespread across all
GCC countries, however, Saudi Arabia
has the lowest number of beds, nurses
and doctors per population within the

23. REFERENCES
 Country cooperation strategy for WHO and Saudi
Arabia 2006–32. 2011. Cairo, World Health
Organization Regional Office for the Eastern
Mediterranean, 2007 (EM/ARD/014/E/R).
 Health statistical year book.4. Riyadh, Saudi
Arabia, Ministry of Health, 2009.
 Global health observatory
 Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of health 2009, CIH 2012
 Saudi Arabia: country cooperation strategy: at a
glance27. . World Health Organization

24. Thank
you