1. Social PathologyPathos= disease
Pathogen= an agent ,That cause disease
Pathological= not reasonable or sensible,, a pathological fear,
hatred . a pathological liar ,a person who cannot stop himself
telling lies) pathological depression)
Meaning of pathology,= the scientific study of disease.
Social pathology= the scientific study of social problem (disease)
Pathologist= an expert in pathology.
Definition of social pathology:
Social pathology is a term used to
describe social factors, such as poverty, old age or crime that support
social disorganization. At the same time, the term refers to the study
of these factors and the social problems they may lead to.
(Social pathology as a concept appeared late in
the19th and early in the 20th century, when sociologists classified as
social pathology all human actions that contradicted with ideals such
as residential stability, moderation, training to work, sexual maturity,
family unity, neighborliness and discipline of the will.

2. • The study of social pathology is important to the
maintenance of social health. Similar to
pathology in medical science, a more specific
knowledge and deeper understanding of social
pathology gives sociologists an insight in to the
healthy social organization. The aim of social
pathology is to identify the causes of social
disease and to find ways to remove them.
In the early 20th century, for example,
poverty was one of the most discussed and
studied forms of social pathology. Sociologists
were deeply interested in the effects that poverty
had on people.

3. • Social pathology is the study of social problems (as crime or
alcoholism)that them as diseased conditions of the social organization. In
the 21st century actions often defined as social pathology include
• Substance abuse,
• Violence,
• Abuses of women and children,
• Crime,
• Terrorism
• Corruption,
• Criminality,
• Discrimination,
• Isolation,
• Human rights violations.
• These society problems are relative and usually differ among different
cultures. Social pathology also depends on the values and organization of
the time that a person lives in .(vine,ciubs etc)
( Many contemporary social problems are universal
(international) in nature and are share by many countries. For Example …
violence against women is a public health in all countries, An estimated
20% to 50% of women have suffered domestic violence…. )

4. IN Term OF PSYCHOLOGY
• In term of psychology, Social pathology is
defined as a social factor that usually helps to
inhibit personal gain or increase social
disorganization. Social pathology can also
refer to the study of specific factors and they
produce certain results. Some of these factors
include old age, crime and poverty etc…

5. • Social disorganization is a concept closely related to
social pathology. The two terms overlap to certain
extend, while social disorganization may also be viewed
as supplementing ((to sth) a thing added to some thing
else to improve or complete it) social pathology. Social
disorganization is defined as a state of disequilibrium
and lack of consensus among the members of a society.
American sociologists William Fielding Ogburn (1886-
1959) and Meyer F Nimkoff 1904-1965) explain social
disorganization as a disturbance of the harmonious
relationship between the various parts of culture.
Social pathology and Social
disorganization

6. Social Organization and
Disorganization
• Social organization and social disorganization represent
the dual aspects of the functioning of society. Both
terms are relative as they are never fixed. Social
organization is focused on the unchanging patterns,
although the process of change is always found in
every society. Social disorganization can be described
as a kind of rot in the social structure so that old habits
and forms of social control cannot keep functioning
effectively. In other words, social disorganization
represents a decline in the influence of the existing
social rules of behavior upon individual members.

7. Major factors for social change
• Sociologists have outlined five major factors for social
change. These include: psychological, biological, physical
and technological factor and culture. Sometimes the
changes in social structure triggered (to be the cause of a
sudden, often a violation reactions; to start something) by
these factors may be so disturbing that the present
institution and other means of social control can no longer
work effectively. These events result in social
disorganization. Factors of social disorganization at a
particular period are usually highly interrelated, making it
difficult to find which factor is the predominant one. More
specific events that may lead to negative social change may
include the changing structure of the family, the increasing
importance of the central government and the lowering
standards of morality.

8. Aim of social pathology
• The aim of social pathology is to identify the causes of
social diseases and to find ways to remove them. For
example
• 1. crime
• 2.poverty
• 3.corrupation
• 4.gender discrimination
• 5.sectorians violence
• 6.human right violation
• 7.terrorism
• 8.Enviromental abuse
• 9.water pollution and air pollution

9. • Example
• In late 20th century, for example poverty
was one of the most discussed and studied forms of
social pathology/ sociologist were deeply interested
the effects that poverty had on people.

10. Roots of the social pathology
perspective
• The social pathology perspective is rooted in the organic analogy
• [{Analogy: with some a similar feature , condition ,state ,e.tc.
• Organic Analogy:
• Functionalist use an organic analogy to compare
society to the human body. They that all parts of society need to
work together in order for society to maintain consensus i.e. , if
one body part stop functioning correctly then the rest of the
human body will be affected. A example in society ,if the education
system would be failing ,it would effect many other parts of
society for instance the work place.

11. • Organic analogy refers to a structural-functionalist view of
society in which different institutions such as military, economy,
religion, family, politics, etc. are interrelated as organs in the
organism of society . if one organ is damaged in some way the
analogy assumes that all other organs would be impacted,
leading to some changes in society as a whole structural –
functionalist are concerned with stability of society. They tend
to focus on concepts such as :norm , sanctions )
• Herbert Spencer :
• In his view , society is like an organism in that
it has group , a complexity of structure that increases with its
growth ,interdependent parts , and a life that exceed the life of
any part.
• organic analogy ,person or situations were
considered to be social problems to the extent that they
interfered with the “normal” working of the social organism.
• Organic analogy , such interference was viewed as a form of
illness , or pathology.

12. • Since society is made up of individuals bound together in social
relationships, social pathology refers to the maladjustments in social
relationships. The phrase is the based on the analogy of bodily
maladjustment of function in organ….if carefully protected….The term
“social pathology ” may be used to identify the social conditions with result
(1) from failure of individuals so to adjust themselves to social life that they
function as independent self-supporting members of society , who
contribute their fair share to its stability and progressive development; and
(2) from the lack of adjustment of social structure , including ways of doing
things and institutions , to the development of social personality.
• pathological conditions in society may result from (1) natural
lake of ability in individuals to keep speed with changing ideals and
institutions of society; or from the failure of society to keep speed in its
functional machinery with the changing conditions in the world in which it
lives.
• The early sociologists, saw both individual maladjustment (such as
economic dependency)and institutional malfunctioning (such as economic
depression ) as obstacles in the forward march of social progress . They
thought that such maladjustments, whether individual or institutional ,
should be rooted.
• Two sociologists who helped to established the basic outline of the
social pathology perspective were Charles henderson and Samuel smith .

13. Characteristics of the social pathology
perspective
• Definition: Desirable social conditions and arrangement are seen as
healthy , while persons or situations at deviate from moral
expectations are regarded as “sick” therefore bad. thus, from the
social pathology perspective , a social problem is a violation of moral
expectations.
• Cause : The ultimate cause of social problem is a failure in
socialization , society through its socializing agents , has the
responsibility of transmitting moral norms to each generation .
sometimes, the socialization is effort is ineffective. An early defective,
dependent , or delinquent. Defective can not be taught; dependents
are handicapped (often considered offensive) in receiving instruction
; and delinquents reject the teachings. For later pathologists ,social
problems are the result of wrong values being learned . social
pathology perspectives “tender”(demand) mood, who contribute to
the social problem are viewed as “sick”; in its “tough” mood , they
are as “criminal” behind both moods ,is the notion that the person or
situation is immoral.”

14. conditions: The early social pathologists considered
some people to be inherently defective , the
defective ,dependent , delinquent , classes tended
to perpetuate themselves through inbreeding. Later
,social pathologists began to see the social
environment as the important condition
contributing to social pathology,
Smith himself wrote, social disease so prevalent as to
create a social problem is rarely found without a
bad environment of some sort or other . Students is
compelled to study the causes of social disease .
whereas earlier pathologist tended to focus on the
immoral properties of individuals, contemporary

15. • Pathologists have tended to focus on the immoral properties of
societies and to see problem as developing from societal forces such
as technology and population density.
• Consequences:
• In the early pathology view, social disturbance
increase the coast of maintaining a legitimate social order . The early
did believe ,however , that ultimately the healthiest would survive.
The more recent pathologists, in contrast , are morally angry about
the defects of society and are less optimistic in the prediction. The
most angry see societal pathology as total , spreading , and likely to
dehumanize the entire population.
• Solutions:
• both the early and the recent versions of the social
pathology perspective suggest what form the solutions to social
problems might take. The early sociologists who dwelt on the
troubles caused by “genetically” defective individual , for example
,turn to the eugenics movement as a solution .

16. • Other sociologists the solution to social problem
put in educating the troublemakers in middle-class
morality.
• Rousseauean view of human nature .
individual are good ; their institutions, on the other
hand are bad. so far even the social pathologists see
the remedy to “sick” institution as a change in
people values . Hence according to this perspective,
the only real solution to social problems is moral
education.