2. content
INTRODUCTION
The first road vehicle achieving a speed of
more than 100 km/h
Electric vehicles come in a broad variety
BENEFITS
Historical development of electric cars
When can we buy eletcric vehicles?
Economic aspects of e-cars
Electric vehicles produced in 2010
How does an electric vehicle work?
MECHANISM IMPLEMENTED
Conclusions
3. INTRODUCTION
ELECTRIC CAR
An electric car is an automobile that is
propelled by one electric motor or more,
using electrical energy stored in the
batteries or another storage device.
Electric motors give electric cars instant
torque, creating strong and smooth
acceleration.
The German Flocken Elektrowagen, built
in 1888, was the world’s first electric car.
Electric cars were also popular in the late
19th century and early 20th century.
4. The first road vehicle achieving a speed of
more than 100 km/h
The French electric vehicle
La jamais contente with 105 km/h in 1899
5.
6. Electric vehicles come in a
broad variety
Plug-in hybrid
passenger car
Small electric vehicles
Plug-in hybrid LDV
Battery LDVs
Elektroroller
Sports cars
Off-road duty vehicle
7.
8. Benefits of electric cars over internal
combustion engines automobiles include a
significant reduction of local air pollution, as
they do not emit tailpipe pollutants, in many
cases, a large reduction in total greenhouse
gas and other emissions.
Less dependency on foreign oil, which in
several countries is cause for concern for
vulnerability to oil price volatility and supply
disruption.
Electric vehicles show significant reductions
in overall well-wheel global carbon
emissions due to highly carbon intensive
production in mining, pumping, refining and
the efficiencies obtained with gasoline.
BENEFITs
9. Historical development of electric cars
Early Years of Electric Cars: 1890 - 1930
First electric vehicle invented in 1828
Many innovations followed
The interest in electric cars increased greatly in the
late 1890s and early 1900s
First real and practical electric car (with capacity for
passengers) designed by William Morrison
1902 Phaeton built by the Woods Motor Vehicle
Company of Chicago
10. Historical development of electric
cars
Decline of Electric Cars: 1930 – 1990
The electric car declined in popularity
because of the following reasons:
◦ Better system of roads need for longer-
range vehicles
◦ Reduction in price of gasoline gasoline was
affordable to the average consumer
◦ Invention of the electric starter disposed of the
need for the hand crank.
◦ Initiation of mass production of internal
combustion engine vehicles by Henry Ford.
11. Historical development of electric
cars
The mid-1930s until the 1960s: dead years for
electric vehicle development and for their
application as personal transportation
In the 1960s and 1970s: imperative necessity for
alternative-fueled vehicles renewed interest
on electric vehicles
The first electric truck, the Battronic Truck,
constructed in the early 1960s.
The companies Sebring-Vanguard and Elcar
Corporation = leaders in the electric car
production
12. Historical development of electric
cars
The Revival: 1990s
Efforts by the governments to more stringent air
emissions requirements and regulations requiring
reductions in gasoline use and Zero Emission
Vehicle requirements from several states revival
Electric conversions of familiar gasoline powered
vehicles as well as electric vehicles designed from
the ground up became available
(reached highway speeds with ranges of 50 to 150 miles
between recharging)
Since 2001: Phoenix designs fully functional electric
trucks and Sport Utility Vehicle for commercial fleet
use
13. Alternative fuel vehicles already
available or announced for 2011 – 2014
by major manufacturers in the German
market
When can we buy eletcric
vehicles?
Manufacturer Hybrid Gas-
hybrid
Plug-in
Hybrid
Battery
electric
Fuel cell
vehicle
Total
MERCEDES
5 1 4 1 11
TOYOTA 3 1 2 3 9
VW 3 5 8
RENAULT
7 7
BMW 3 1 2 6
HYUNDAI
1 1 1 1 4
CITROEN 2 1 3
PEUGEOT
1 2 3
AUDI 1 2 3
NISSAN 2 1 3
Total 20 2 5 29 2 57
Simple
hybrids
already
available
Only some plug-in
hybrids announced
Many battery electric
vehicles underway
14. A few manufacturers are already producing electric
vehicles
Electric vehicles produced in
2010
Numbers are really tiny compared to world vehicle production of 78 million
units in 2010
15. Economic aspects of e-cars
car The electric propulsion:
efficiency = about 90%
Electric propulsion is
principally as "clean" as
the energy source
A photovoltaics-carport
(solar service station)
considered as a
charging station of
electric cars for the
future
16. How does an electric vehicle
work?
Battery electric vehicle:
Small number of main
components:
• Electric motor
• Large battery
• AC/DC converter
• Electronics...
No oil or fuel tank
No exhaust system (tail pipe etc.)
Hybrid electric vehicle:
• Small combustion engine
• Small fuel tank
• Electronics
Fuel cell electric vehicle has an additional tank and fuel
cell
Electric vehicle ≈ several wheels and a plug
17. Electric Vehicles
Electricity is unique among the alternative
fuels in that mechanical power is derived
directly from it, whereas the other alternative
fuels release stored chemical energy
through combustion to provide mechanical
power.
Batteries commonly provide electricity used
to power vehicles, but fuel cells are also
being explored. Batteries are energy storage
devices, but unlike batteries, fuel cells
convert chemical energy to electricity.
The maintenance costs for EVs is less-EVs
have fewer moving parts to service and 17
19. CONTROLLER
The electric vehicle controller is the
electronic package that operates
between the batteries and the motors
to control the vehicle’s speed and
acceleration.
The controller transform dc from the
battery current into ac and regulates
the energy flow from the battery.
The controller will also reverse the
motor rotation and convert the motor
into a generator
20. BLDC Hub MOTOr
Brushless DC motor are more
synchronous motors that are powered by
a DC electric source via power supply
which produces an AC electric signal to
drive the motor.
It produces higher efficiency and a lower
susceptibility to mechanical wear.
It has several advantages including more
torque per weight, more torque per watt,
reduced noise, increased reliability and
longer lifetime.
21. STEERING
Steering is the term applied to the
collection of components,
linkages etc. which will allow a car
to follow the desired course.
steering mechanism: 1 Steering wheel; 2
Steering column; 3 Rack and pinion; 4 Tie
rod; 5 Kingpin
22. BRAKING
Four drum brakes(two rear and two
front) are the brakes planned to
assemble in the electric car.
Rear brakes are to be engaged
using foot brake system
Front brakes are also to be
engaged using foot brake
23. BRAKING
A drum brake is a brake that uses
friction caused by a set of shoes
or pads that press against a
rotating drum-shaped part.
24. PRACTICAL
DEVELOPMENT
The project is planned to complete in
4 stages
STAGE 1
Chassis of our electric car will be the
modified chassis of electric car
brought in working condition.
STAGE 2
Then the steering mechanism along
with axle and wheel setup will be
installed.
25. PRACTICAL
DEVELOPMENT
STAGE 3
After this, motor, battery,
controller will be assembled to
function properly
STAGE 4
At the end brakes, light, seat and
other accessories will help to
accomplish our electric car
33. ESTIMATED COST AND
TIME
Some major cost of parts of quad bike are
BLDC Motor Rs 50,000
Tyre with rim (4) Rs 7,000
Brakes Rs 6,000
Suspensions(4) Rs 6,000
Electrical equipment Rs 7,000
Mild steel rods Rs 7,000
Seat Rs 4,000
Other accessories Rs 18,000
Batteries Rs 26,000
Controller Rs 10,000
Steering System Rs 7,000
Wheel hub RS 4,000
34. ESTIMATED COST AND
TIME
Net total estimated cost of finished
project is Rs 1,50,000
As per the feasibility and compatibility
of our project ‘ELECTRIC CAR’, the
estimated time for completion is 3
months from the day the project starts.
35. Take 1 Million electric vehicles,
• giving on average 10 kWh = 10 GWh
= 10 minutes of the average German
electricity need
• Loading with 3,7 kW each = 3,7 GW
= 2.4% of installed German power
(155 GW in 2009)
Electricity need of 1 million vehicles:
• Driving 14 300 km per year (German average) and using 16
kWh/100 km
= 3 TWh/a = 0.5% of annual German electricity use
Large fleet of electric vehicles offers some power but
small capacity
Myth: “Electric vehicles can help integrating
renewable energies, but they need so much
electricity.”
36. Conclusion & Outlook
Huge potential for the further emerging of electric
cars
Although there are still problems, it is important to
push this technology R&D
Electrical outlet and electric cable are not required
in future anymore, because the electric car of the
future "refuels" its power fully automatically and
without contacting by induction while driving or
parking.
Figure: Power from the street. The electric car of the future
"refuels" its power fully automatically and without contacting by
induction while driving or parking.
(Glocalist,
http://www.glocalist.com/news/kategorie/vermischtes/titel/das-
elektroauto-der-zukunft-tankt-beim-fahren/, 07.05.2011)
37. Conclusions
2
How much do
electric vehicles
cost?
They are more expensive to buy but cheaper to drive
than current conventional vehicles
Special charging stations are required later
3
Are electric
vehicle green?
Electric vehicles can significantly reduce global and local
emissions, but only when charged from renewable energy
sources
Their production is very energy intense
1
What are electric
vehicles?
Electric vehicles use electric motors and batteries and/or fuel
cells
Many forms of hybrid vehicles are possible
Are electric
vehicles the
vehicles of the
future?
They can play an important role in transport and in reduction of
CO2 emissions
Other vehicle technologies can be become important too,
especially fuel cell vehicles
38. sources
Sources from where equipments will be
purchased
Pal automobiles, Trinath mandir, Cuttack
Chhatra bazaar, Cuttack
Zobra lines ,Cuttack
Laxmisagar, Bhubaneswar
Hardware shop, near big bazaar,
Bhubaneswar
NS Power, Bhubaneswar
